Efficient and reliable computations for cryptography and coding: architectures and algorithms

随着信息、计算机和通信技术的飞速发展，海量的数据在用户之间进行处理、存储和交换，使得数据的完整性和信息安全成为非常重要的问题。为了保护数据并使其安全，各种密码原语和错误检测/纠错码被合并到许多标准和协议中，并在从服务器和基站中使用的强大计算机到智能手机和无线设备中使用的有限计算机的广泛平台中实现。密码和编码方案自然是计算复杂的函数，因此系统的性能在很大程度上依赖于它们的高效计算，特别是在资源受限的嵌入式系统中，如智能卡、下一代护照、RFID标签和无线传感器网络，这些系统的功耗、内存和带宽都非常有限。该方案的研究方向之一是为密码和差错控制编码系统开发高效的算法和体系结构，并在上述平台上进行设计、测试和实现。密码和编码系统的软件算法和硬件体系结构的复杂性使其实现的可靠性成为一个挑战。这项研究的另一个重点是为这些系统的软件和硬件实现开发可靠的技术。更重要的是，由于密码系统在恶劣和恶劣的环境中运行，因此需要这样的健壮方案来对抗故障攻击和自然故障。这是一个非常重要的研究领域，因为故障攻击已经成为许多实用的基于密码学的安全系统的最大威胁。此外，随着集成电路制造技术的进步，密度和速度的提高，新技术制造的产品将更容易出现自然故障。因此，对于现有和未来的密码系统应用来说，开发可靠的算法和体系结构来对抗这些威胁是非常重要的。这一研究将以更低的成本和更高的性能带来更安全可靠的系统。

With the rapid advances in information, computer and communication technologies, huge amount of data is being processed, stored and exchanged among users which makes the data integrity and information security become very important issues. To protect the data and make it secure, various cryptographic primitives and error detecting/correcting codes are being incorporated in many standards and protocols and implemented in a wide range of platforms from powerful computers used in the servers and base stations to the limited ones used in smart phones and wireless devices. The cryptographic and coding schemes are naturally computationally complex functions and hence the system performance heavily relies on their efficient computations, specially in resource constrained embedded systems, such as smart cards, next generation passport, RFID tags, and wireless sensor networks, where the power consumption, memory, and bandwidth are very limited. One of the research directions of this proposal is to develop efficient algorithms and architectures for cryptographic and error control coding systems and then design, test and implement them for the above mentioned platforms. The complex nature of software algorithms and hardware architectures of cryptographic and coding systems makes the reliability of their implementations a challenge. Another focus of this research is to develop reliable techniques for software and hardware implementations of these systems. More importantly, since cryptographic systems perform in harsh and hostile environments, such robust schemes are required to counteract fault attacks and natural faults. This is a very important research area because the fault attacks have become the most significant threat to many practical cryptography-based security systems. Furthermore, with advances in IC manufacturing technology and improvements in the density and speed, occurring natural faults will become more likely in the products made by new technologies. Therefore, for the existing and future applications of cryptographic systems, developing reliable algorithms and architectures to counteract these threats is highly important. This research will lead to more secure and reliable systems with lower cost and higher performance.