The occurence and mechanisms of hormesis in insects exposed to sublethal doses of insecticide

暴露于亚致死剂量杀虫剂的昆虫毒物兴奋作用的发生和机制

• 批准号: 371467-2009
• 负责人: Cutler, Christopher
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=528224
• 关键词: occurence; mechanisms; hormesis; insects; exposed

Since their inception, the toxicological sciences have generally been guided by the tenet that there is a dose-response threshold above which chemical exposures induce a biological effect, and below which none occurs. Although this principle has been a cornerstone of all facets of toxicology and has been invaluable for establishment of harmful exposure limits and effective doses of chemicals, there is now very strong support for the occurrence of hormesis, chemical response characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition of biological effects. Hormesis (after the Greek word 'to excite') has been documented for a wide range of organisms, endpoints and physical/chemical stressors, and has garnered interest from researchers in a variety of disciplines, mainly those who study human risk assessment and the biomedical sciences (e.g. oncology and the study of aging). However, the phenomenon has been less studied by scientists who examine effects of environmental toxins on invertebrate populations, particularly over the long term.

自毒理学诞生以来，毒理学通常遵循这样的原则，即存在一个剂量-反应阈值，高于该阈值，化学暴露就会引起生物效应，低于该阈值，就不会发生任何生物效应。尽管这一原则一直是毒理学方方面面的基石，对确定化学品的有害接触限值和有效剂量具有非常宝贵的价值，但现在有非常有力的支持，支持以低剂量刺激和高剂量抑制生物效应为特征的兴奋作用的发生。兴奋效应(源自希腊语“兴奋”一词)已被广泛用于各种生物体、终点和物理/化学应激源，并引起了不同学科的研究人员的兴趣，主要是那些研究人类风险评估和生物医学科学(如肿瘤学和衰老研究)的研究人员。然而，研究环境毒素对无脊椎动物种群影响的科学家们对这一现象的研究较少，特别是从长期来看。