Combining top-down and bottom-up models to simulate atrial arrhythmias

房颤是人类最常见的心律失常（加拿大有近25万例患者）。它经常导致严重的并发症，如心力衰竭和中风。这种心律失常的诊断是通过检查电信号记录（心电图）进行的。为了开发和验证新的诊断工具，有必要了解心脏病专家观察到的（这些电信号）和心脏出了什么问题（潜在的心脏病理）之间的联系。

Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent heart rhythm disorder in humans (nearly 250,000 patients in Canada). It often leads to severe complications such as heart failure and stroke. Diagnosis of this arrhythmia is performed through the inspection of electrical signal recordings (electrocardiograms). To develop and validate new diagnostic tools, it is necessary to understand the link between what the cardiologist observes (these electrical signals) and what is going wrong in the heart (the underlying cardiac pathology).