Non-classicality: Quantum entanglement and beyond. Novel concepts and applications

非经典性：量子纠缠及其他。

• 批准号: 402041-2011
• 负责人: Piani, Marco
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=529396
• 关键词: Non; classicality; Quantum; entanglement; beyond.

Quantum Mechanics predicts physical effects that cannot be understood from the point of view of Classical Mechanics. From a fundamental point of view, we are interested in this "quantumness" of physical systems in order to test and better understand Quantum Mechanics itself. From a practical point of view, any quantum effect may form the basis for truly disruptive technologies. In particular, the development of the field of Quantum Information Processing is the result of the recognition that "Information is physical" (R. Landauer), combined with the fact that the basic laws of nature are quantum. Applications of Quantum Information Processing range from a possible exponential speed-up of quantum computers over classical computers---e.g., in solving computational problems and efficiently simulating quantum systems---to secure cryptographic communication schemes. Taking advantage of quantum behavior requires the best possible understanding of it. The project aims at characterizing and exploiting the quantum properties and behaviour of single and multipartite systems. Quantum entanglement---i.e., stronger-than-classical correlations between two (or more) quantum systems---has been proved to be a key resource in many Quantum Information Processing tasks and is considered the most prominent quantum feature. On the other hand, non-classical properties of correlations other than entanglement have been generally overlooked until recently, but could lead to more practical ways to harness the "quantum power". The project will address the questions: "how do correlations in the quantum world differ from correlations in the classical world?"; "how can we quantify, manipulate and take advantage of quantumness?"; "is entanglement always a useful resource?"; "are there simple tests to check that experimental devices work in a quantum regime?"; "what makes quantum computers potentially more powerful than classical computers?". In providing an answer to these questions we will adopt the unifying point of view that non-classicality is a very general feature of quantum systems, which goes well beyond entanglement. The latter will be studied as an extreme form of non-classicality that allows otherwise impossible effects.

量子力学预言了从经典力学的观点无法理解的物理效应。从基本的角度来看，我们对物理系统的这种“量子性”感兴趣，以便测试和更好地理解量子力学本身。 从实践的角度来看，任何量子效应都可能构成真正颠覆性技术的基础。特别是，量子信息处理领域的发展是认识到“信息是物理的”（R。Landauer），再加上自然的基本定律是量子的这一事实。量子信息处理的应用范围从量子计算机相对于经典计算机的可能的指数加速-例如，在解决计算问题和有效地模拟量子系统-安全的密码通信方案。利用量子行为需要对它有最好的理解。该项目旨在表征和利用单粒子和多粒子系统的量子特性和行为。量子纠缠，也就是说，两个（或多个）量子系统之间的强于经典的相关性-已被证明是许多量子信息处理任务中的关键资源，并被认为是最突出的量子特征。另一方面，除了纠缠之外，关联的非经典性质直到最近才被普遍忽视，但可能会导致更实用的方法来利用“量子力量”。该项目将解决以下问题：“量子世界中的相关性与经典世界中的相关性有何不同？“;“我们如何量化、操纵和利用量子性？“;“纠缠总是有用的资源吗？“;“有没有简单的测试来检查实验设备是否在量子状态下工作？是什么让量子计算机比经典计算机更强大？".在回答这些问题时，我们将采用统一的观点，即非经典性是量子系统的一个非常普遍的特征，它远远超出了纠缠。后者将作为一种极端形式的非古典性，允许否则不可能的效果进行研究。