User authentication technologies based on mobile platforms

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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) cards and readers are widely to authentication users in multiple applications such as physical access to buildings, public transportation and credit card transactions. Unfortunately, current commercial solutions are insecure as previous research has demonstrated. One fundamental problem is that RFID cards do not have the computing power required to use strong cryptography. Another issue is that RFID readers are not field upgradable, which leaves them exposed to vulnerabilities for the full life cycle of their deployment.