Techniques and Tools for Power System Operation and Control in the New Smart Grid Environment

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With the advent of smart grids, and independent of their different definitions and interpretations, it is clear that end-users (i.e. loads) will play a significant role in the operation and management by system operators of the generators and transmission system supplying electrical energy to the grid's loads. The concept of smart grids has been basically characterized by the development and deployment of the infrastructure and technologies that will make loads "smart", thus allowing end-users to properly operate and control their own devices to manage electricity consumption to accomplish their own objectives such as reducing energy costs and demand. This is basically facilitating the active participation of end-users in the overall management and operation of the grid, particularly due to the intelligence being embedded in the customer's devices and the bidirectional communications being established between electricity users and grid operators. However, so far most of the research funding and associated work in smart grids has concentrated on the development and deployment of the infrastructure and technologies needed to make the loads visible, accessible and intelligent to both end-users and system operators, with limited funding and thought being given to properly managing both the positive and negative impacts that these smart loads could have for grid operation and control; electric vehicle charging is a good example of this. Thus, based on the expertise gained in our work on power system operation and control, through proper mathematical analysis, modeling and simulation built on nonlinear system analysis, control and optimization, the main objectives of the present work are: (i) design and develop tools for system operators for grid voltage and frequency management and control that properly account for "smart" loads in the grid; (ii) study and propose the direct interactions that should take place between loads and system operators to properly operate and control a power system; (iii) continue with the study, modeling, simulation and analysis of the operation and control of "green" micro-grids as a specific case of smart grids, with emphasis on remote micro-grids in native communities dominated by expensive and "dirty" diesel-fueled generators.