Fiber-optic sensors for biomedical applications

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It is widely believed that cartilage degeneration at human joints is related to how force is distributed across the joint. However, the current best practice for ex vivo measurement of contact stress in the hip is limited to static measurements only, is subject to significant measurement errors, and the procedure for its application is highly disruptive to the joint. In the proposed research, we will develop a sensor to enable minimally-invasive measurement of contact stress in ex vivo experiments in articular joints. This sensor will be based on a common fiber-optic device, the in-fiber Bragg grating. It will enable ex vivo investigations in which the natural mechanics of articular joints are preserved to a degree that is not possible with current sensor technology. The minimally-invasive nature of the sensor will: (1) reduce disruption of contact mechanics due to the presence of the sensor between the articular surfaces, and; (2) preserve natural pressurized fluid lubrication by eliminating the need to resect the joint capsule and disarticulate the joint. This sensor will also have application in both ex vivo and in vivo studies of the mechanics of prosthethic joints.