Sensor systems to monitor injection and long-term subsurface storage of carbon dioxide

用于监测二氧化碳注入和长期地下储存的传感器系统

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03968
• 负责人: Wild, Peter
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=668561
• 关键词: Sensor; systems; monitor; injection; long

Carbon capture and sequestration is an emerging technology in which CO2 is captured or separated at the emission source, liquefied and then injected into deep geologic reservoirs for long term storage. This process has the potential to play a central role in mitigating rising levels of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere. However, widespread adoption will require accurate and reliable long term monitoring to provide assurance of secure storage. State-of-the-art monitoring methods cannot provide this assurance.  Geophysical methods are unable to detect dissolved and mineralized CO2 in deep formations while geochemical methods are based on down hole sampling which precludes high sample rates and is confounded by changes of state that occur as the sample is raised to the surface. There is, therefore, an urgent need for methods to gather high frequency CO2 concentration data in situ from the deep formations where CO2 is injected and in adjacent formations into which CO2 may migrate. The proposed Research Program addresses this need through research and development of fiber optic sensors to monitor concentrations of CO2 in and adjacent to the storage formation. Fiber optic sensor systems are well-suited to the downhole environment due to their high spatial and temporal resolution, low signal loss over long transmission distances and immunity to electromagnetic interference and short circuits.***The sensors that we will research and develop will monitor CO2 concentrations of downhole fluids in situ using fiber optic devices that will include: Long Period Gratings, Photonic Crystal Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometers and Fiber Tip Refractometers. These sensors will gather refractive index data that will be used to determine CO2 concentrations in the multi-fluid downhole environment. These sensors will also be used to determine phase and species (e.g. brine, liquid hydrocarbon, gaseous methane, liquid CO2) which will enable monitoring of possible leakage of CO2 at deep ocean injection sites where CO2 and methane can both be present and can be challenging to distinguish. The proposed Research Program includes development and testing of sensors in the laboratory and field deployments at both land-based and deep ocean sites. The proposed Research Program will also have application beyond monitoring of CO2 storage sites. In particular, higher sensitivity to CO2 concentrations will enable these sensors to be used for measurements of natural levels and fluxes of CO2 in the shallow subsurface which are essential to assessing the impacts of human activity on CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Enhanced RI sensitivity will also enable a wide range of non-CO2 applications in which RI is or has potential to be a key indicating parameter.*************

碳捕集与封存是一项新兴技术，通过在排放源捕集或分离CO2，将其液化，然后注入深层地质储层进行长期封存，这一过程有可能在减缓大气中人为CO2水平上升方面发挥核心作用。然而，在这方面，广泛采用将需要准确和可靠的长期监测，以提供安全存储的保证。现有的监测方法无法提供这种保证。地球物理方法无法检测深层地层中溶解和矿化的CO2，而地球化学方法则基于井下取样，这排除了高取样率，并受到样品上升到面因此，迫切需要从注入CO2的深层地层和CO2可能迁移到其中的邻近地层中原位收集高频CO2浓度数据的方法。拟议的研究计划通过光纤传感器的研究和开发来满足这一需求，以监测储存地层及其附近的CO2浓度。光纤传感器系统非常适合井下环境，因为它们具有高空间和时间分辨率、长传输距离下的低信号损耗以及对电磁干扰和短路的免疫力。我们将研究和开发的传感器将使用光纤设备原位监测井下流体的CO2浓度，其中包括：长周期光栅，光子晶体光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪和光纤尖端折射仪。这些传感器将收集折射率数据，这些数据将用于确定多流体井下环境中的CO2浓度。这些传感器还将用于确定相态和种类（例如盐水、液态烃、气态甲烷、液态CO2），这将能够监测深海注入地点可能发生的CO2泄漏，在这些地点，CO2和甲烷可能同时存在，而且很难区分。拟议的研究方案包括在实验室开发和测试传感器，以及在陆地和深海地点进行实地部署。拟议的研究计划还将应用于监测二氧化碳储存地点之外。特别是，对CO2浓度更高的灵敏度将使这些传感器能够用于测量浅层地下CO2的自然水平和通量，这对于评估人类活动对大气中CO2浓度的影响至关重要。 增强的RI灵敏度还将使广泛的非CO2应用成为可能，其中RI是或有可能成为关键指示参数。************