Seasonal carry-over effects and connectivity inmigratory songbirds

季节性遗留效应和迁徙鸣禽的连通性

• 批准号: 194681-2011
• 负责人: Stutchbury, Bridget
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=546174
• 关键词: Seasonal; carry; over; effects; connectivity

Each fall billions of songbirds migrate between the temperate zone and tropics but little is known about how breeding or wintering events affect the timing and pace of migration, and vice versa, or the fitness consequences of individual differences in migration strategy. I have pioneered the use of light level geolocators on migratory songbirds. Geolocators are archival tags (< 1.5g) that when retrieved after migration can be used to infer migration routes and timing. I have used geolocators on Wood Thrush and Purple Martins since 2007 and have documented extensive variation in migration route, timing, and speed for individuals breeding in the same population. I will use this innovative technology to test (1) how reproductive effort and timing affects fall migration, moult-migration overlap and subsequent survival, (2) how arrival date affects winter territory quality, survival, winter body condition and subsequent spring migration, and (3) how connectivity patterns between breeding and wintering sites are linked to population declines. To look at carry-over effects, clutch size and timing of breeding will be manipulated to test the prediction that high parental effort delays migration. I will also manipulate parasite loads to test the prediction that infection by Haemoproteus blood parasites slows fall migration. I will deploy geolocators on wintering songbirds to test how fall migration strategy affects subsequent territory quality, ownership, and over-winter survival. Experimental manipulation of winter territory quality ("upgrading" to a better territory, food supplementation) will test the prediction that poor quality territory delays spring migration and thus arrival on the breeding territory. Connectivity patterns are predicted to affect population decline on the breeding grounds because diffuse connectivity spreads the impact of low winter survival in a region over a large number of breeding populations. Geolocators will be deployed on multiple breeding and wintering populations of Wood Thrushes and Purple Martins to map connectivity patterns and test if the strength of connectivity predicts regional breeding population trends.

每年秋天，数十亿鸣禽在温带和热带之间迁徙，但人们对繁殖或越冬事件如何影响迁徙的时间和速度（反之亦然），或迁徙策略中个体差异的适应性后果知之甚少。我率先在迁徙的鸣禽身上使用了光级地理定位器。地理定位器是档案标签（< 1.5g），在迁移后检索时可用于推断迁移路线和时间。自2007年以来，我一直在使用地理定位器对林鸫和紫马丁进行定位，并记录了在同一种群中繁殖的个体在迁移路线、时间和速度上的广泛差异。我将使用这种创新技术来测试（1）繁殖努力和时间如何影响秋季迁移，蜕皮迁移重叠和随后的生存，（2）到达日期如何影响冬季领土质量，生存，冬季身体状况和随后的春季迁移，以及（3）繁殖和越冬地点之间的连接模式如何与人口下降有关。为了观察遗留效应，将操纵窝卵数和繁殖时间，以检验高亲本努力延迟迁移的预测。我还将操纵寄生虫负载来测试血变形杆菌血液寄生虫感染减缓秋季迁移的预测。我将在越冬鸣禽上部署地理定位器，以测试秋季迁徙策略如何影响随后的领土质量、所有权和越冬生存。冬季领土质量的实验操作（“升级”到一个更好的领域，食物补充）将测试预测，质量差的领土延迟春季迁移，从而到达繁殖领土。连接模式预计会影响繁殖地的人口下降，因为扩散连接传播的影响，在一个地区的冬季生存率低，在大量的繁殖种群。地理定位器将部署在多个繁殖和越冬种群的画眉和紫马丁映射连接模式和测试的连接强度是否预测区域繁殖种群的趋势。