Electromechanical coupling behavior of nano-scale dielectric elastomer actuators

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Dielectric elastomers actuators, emerged as one of the most promising technologies for soft material-based electromechanical transduction, have received much attention due to their light weight, high energy density and large deformation. They have extensive potential applications, such as artificial muscles, adaptive optical elements, soft robots, programmable haptic surfaces, and other biomimetic applications. Despite the fact that unique electromechanical coupling performance has been obtained for these devices, there is limited work on understanding the underlying fundamentals of these soft dielectrics, especially when the size of dielectric elastomers goes to submicro or nano level. To facilitate the full potential applications of these dielectric elastomers as actuators, it is desirable to develop a solid theoretical guidance for the reliable designs.