Organic Dye Architectures for Photovoltaic Light-Harvesting Applications

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Global energy consumption is conservatively projected to expand two-fold to 30 terawatts (TW) by 2050; therefore the need for alternative energy sources is imperative. A survey of our renewable options reveals that the sun is the only viable non-carbonaceous energy source. Currently, silicon-based photovoltaics (PVs) are the most efficient solar energy conversion technologies, but they are costly. In order to expand the solar market to the TW scale, a substantial change in technology is required, including making cost-effective materials that can replace silicon. The most efficient next-generation PV cell is the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), possessing overall efficiencies exceeding 11% and low fabrication costs. In addition, the DSSC is optically transparent, and can be employed in a wide array of niche markets including photovoltaic windows and coatings. The sensitizing dye is the main component of the DSSC. While more expensive ruthenium metal-based dyes have received the majority of patent protection, metal-free organics dyes are emerging as alternatives, owing to their relatively inexpensive synthesis, and their tunable properties. Despite this tunability, the challenge with organic dyes is their long-term stability in the DSSC device. This research program looks to develop and expand the use of organic-based dyes through a series of goals and projects. Short-term goals include the development of bichromic dyes with enhanced optical properties and stability, while long-term goals include the development of DSSCs with polymer electrolytes. As a result of these program goals, the chemistry and photovoltaic community will gain significant insights into the most efficient way to collect solar energy and convert it into electricity. Through the formation of strategic partnerships within academia and with industry this research will also advance the application and commercialization of DSSC technology. Furthermore, these projects will provide valuable training for highly qualified personal who will further revolutionize our emerging solar industry. As a result, Canada and Canadian's will benefit in the form of job creation, sustainability and technological advancement.