Sedimentary Records of Past Marine Environments

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Marine sediments are valuable climate archives and record diverse types of environmental information, which is used to improve our understanding of the ocean-atmosphere system. However, many current studies consider the bulk of the sediment only as the carrier for the information provider, such as fossil remains of plankton. This approach of ignoring the bulk sediment and its size characteristics has led to a) ambiguity in the interpretation of the marine sedimentary record in some areas and b) a loss of valuable information about the depositional environment on the sea floor. In this proposal, we address this issue by investigating the grain size composition of existing sediment cores. Our approach is based on the known behaviour of particles between 10-63 micrometer in size (silts), which are size-sorted according to bottom current speed. In the eastern equatorial Pacific, an area where current interpretations of the sedimentary record are controversial, grain size analyses will be combined with geochemical measurements to accurately quantify the flux of climate relevant material (e.g. carbonate, organic matter) from the sea surface to the sea floor. This will enable us to determine whether or not lateral sediment movement by bottom currents has biased previous interpretations in this region. Reliable data on the past behaviour of the equatorial Pacific are crucially important for a better understanding of the role that the Pacific plays in global climate change on time-scales ranging from interannual (i.e. El-Niño) to glacial-interglacial. Closer to home, on the Scotian Shelf, we are using the same approach with a different goal. Here, storms are thought to resuspend sand grains from the sea bed and redeposit them in characteristic beds elsewhere. By analysing the down core grain size composition of strategically located sites, we will generate a record of storminess over the last 10,000 years. This record will significantly extend the instrumental record and contribute to improving projections of storms in the future. As storms are expected to have an ever increasing impact on people and infrastructure along the Atlantic coast, this research will be of direct benefit to Canada.