Quantifying marine population and ecosystem recovery dynamics under climate change

量化气候变化下的海洋人口和生态系统恢复动态

• 批准号: 419957-2012
• 负责人: Fisher, Jonathan
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Group
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=551650
• 关键词: Quantifying; marine; population; ecosystem; recovery

Understanding the dynamics of large marine ecosystems faced with exploitation and climate variability remains one of the key challenges within marine ecology, with direct implications for fisheries management and the economic welfare of coastal communities. Yet there remains no comprehensive explanation for the observed state of Northwest Atlantic marine ecosystems, or the variable rebuilding rates of depleted stocks. This indicates that existing population and ecosystem models are missing key ecological or behavioural mechanisms. With a focus on marine ecosystems of Newfoundland and Labrador, it is these mechanisms that the proposed collaborative research will pursue towards the team's shared long-term goal of providing predictive population and ecosystem models of key pelagic and benthic fish species, and invertebrates. At the individual and population levels, both the implications of commercial fish and invertebrate mating systems and the life-history variability of marine species at-risk will be quantified using experiments and survey data, while novel chemical analyses of marine fish ear bones will be used to reconstruct past feeding and habitat use by individual fishes. At the food web level, the potential roles of variable rates of prey production constraining the recovery of top predators, spatial overlap between species differentially influenced by changing oceanographic conditions, and whether local water temperature differences influence the resilience of food web interactions as in comparisons among ecosystems, will provide novel insights on the importance of species interactions, and the extent that climate mediates these interactions. Finally, the implications of strong climate influences on sub-Arctic ecosystems will be tested empirically, in the context of an ecological theory that seeks to link climate forcing, population dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Depleted fish stocks and ecosystems represent latent fisheries and economic productivity. This research will contribute to the expanding field of ecosystem-based fisheries management, which is expected to play an increasing role in future marine management decisions and policy directions.

了解面临开发和气候变化的大型海洋生态系统的动态仍然是海洋生态学中的主要挑战之一，对渔业管理和沿海社区的经济福利具有直接影响。然而，对于观察到的西北大西洋海洋生态系统的状态，或者枯竭的种群的可变重建率，仍然没有全面的解释。这表明现有的种群和生态系统模型缺少关键的生态或行为机制。以纽芬兰和拉布拉多的海洋生态系统为重点，拟议的合作研究将追求这些机制，以实现团队共同的长期目标，即提供关键的远洋和底栖鱼类物种以及无脊椎动物的预测种群和生态系统模型。在个体和种群水平上，将使用实验和调查数据量化商业鱼类和无脊椎动物交配系统的影响以及处于危险中的海洋物种的生活史变异性，同时将使用新的海洋鱼类耳骨化学分析来重建个体鱼类过去的摄食和栖息地使用。在食物网水平上，不同的猎物产量限制了顶级捕食者的恢复，物种之间的空间重叠受到海洋条件变化的不同影响，以及在生态系统之间的比较中，当地水温差异是否会影响食物网相互作用的恢复力，这些都将为物种相互作用的重要性以及气候调节这些相互作用的程度提供新的见解。最后，将在寻求将气候强迫、人口动态和生态系统功能联系起来的生态理论的背景下，对强烈气候影响对亚北极生态系统的影响进行实证检验。枯竭的鱼类种群和生态系统代表着潜在的渔业和经济生产力。该研究将有助于扩大基于生态系统的渔业管理领域，并有望在未来的海洋管理决策和政策方向中发挥越来越大的作用。