Purchase of a small animal irradiator

生物辐照器，使用X射线或放射源，经常用于细胞生物学，以引入DNA损伤和阻止细胞增殖。除了将辐射作为研究DNA损伤对细胞生长的影响和/或与DNA修复相关的机制的直接方法外，辐射还有其他广泛的潜在应用：1)全身辐射将摧毁动物的免疫系统，然后动物的免疫系统可以被不同基因组成的细胞取代，以研究血细胞发育或免疫反应的机制；2)靶向辐射可用于使小鼠不育，以研究不育症和精子的产生和生产；3)细菌病原体的辐照可用于确定特定成分、生长条件或调节途径在逆境抗性中的作用，这可能有助于在食物上生存和毒力；以及4)培养中的细胞辐照可用于减少包括多种细胞类型的实验系统中的混杂变量的数量。简而言之，获得放射源对于自然科学中各种各样的研究项目至关重要。

Biological irradiators, using either X-ray or radioactive sources, are often used in cell biology to introduce DNA damage and to stop cell proliferation. In addition to the use of irradiation as a direct method to study the impact of DNA damage to cell growth and/or the mechanisms associated with DNA repair, irradiation has other, widespread, potential applications: 1) total body irradiation will wipe out the animal's immune system, which can then be replaced by cells of different genetic composition to study the mechanisms of blood cell development or of the immune response; 2) targeted irradiation can be used to sterilize mice to study infertility and the generation and production of sperm; 3) irradiation of bacterial pathogens can serve to determine roles of specific components, growth conditions, or regulatory pathways in stress resistance that could contribute to survival on foods and virulence; and 4) irradiation of cells in culture can be used to reduce the number of confounding variables from experimental systems including more than one cell type. In brief, access to irradiation sources is essential for a wide variety of research programs in natural sciences.