Design optimization and performance characterization of an air source heat pump system coupled with building integrated photovoltaic-thermal (BIPV/T) collectors

建筑物消耗大量的一次能源，也是温室气体（GHG）排放的主要来源。几种经过验证的建筑供暖/制冷技术在节能潜力、温室气体减排和对化石燃料的依赖方面各不相同。成功接受任何新技术发展取决于其效率，成本效益，可靠性和与其他技术的竞争力。空气源热泵（ASHP）被认为是一种很有前途的技术，可以使建筑物消除或最大限度地减少天然气，石油和电力的使用。然而，ASHP系统在加拿大获得了有限的接受，因为它们在冬季的加热性能降低。当源（空气）温度降至零摄氏度以下时，空气源热泵系统的供热能力和性能系数（COP）会显著下降。另一方面，太阳能集热器提供了一种无排放的热源，但不能提供建筑物的所有供暖需求，特别是在寒冷时期

Buildings consume a significant amount of primary energy and a major source of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Several proven technologies available for building heating/cooling differ in terms of energy saving potential, GHG emissions mitigation and dependency on fossil fuels. The successful acceptance of any new technological development depends on its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, reliability, and competitiveness with other technologies. Air Source Heat Pumps (ASHP) are considered a promising technology which can enable buildings to eliminate or minimize the use of natural gas, oil, and electricity. However, the ASHP systems has achieved a limited acceptance in Canada due to their reduced heating performance in winter season. The ASHP systems heating capacity and the coefficient of performance (COP) decrease considerably as the source (air) temperature drops below zero degree centigrade. On the other hand, solar thermal collector provides an emissions free source of heat, but cannot provide all the heating needs of buildings, especially during cold