Development and Testing of Innovative Earthquake-Resistant Systems for Hybrid Wood-Steel Structures

该研究项目的目标是开发新型和创新的高性能木结构抗震系统。这将通过设计新的混合木钢结构形式来实现，这种形式利用了木材的高强度重量比、可持续性和美学价值，以及先进的钢被动阻尼系统的优异地震性能。大多数人最熟悉的木结构建筑类型是住宅。这是一个轻型框架结构的木墙，其中包括胶合板护套钉到木材螺柱。最近，欧洲和北美开始更频繁地用木材建造不同类型的结构。例如，不列颠哥伦比亚省的“木材第一”倡议规定，所有新的政府结构必须尽可能用木材建造。为了充分满足这一需求，需要进行新的研究，以确定如何最好地建造更大更高的结构。而不是使用轻型框架建筑方法，这些较大的结构通常使用重型木材梁和柱和/或实木墙建造。在设计这些更大更高的木结构建筑时，最重要的挑战之一是确定如何正确设计它们以抵抗地震。由于木材是一种脆性材料，木结构往往依靠钢螺栓或钉子的弯曲和变形来适应地震引起的剧烈震动。这种设计方法往往会对木结构建筑构件造成严重损坏。本研究计划将探讨如何防止损坏的木构件，通过使用专门设计的钢元素，以限制负载的木构件和耗散能量的结构在地震期间。这些钢构件通过特殊的“自定心”机制的作用来适应和抵抗地震荷载，这提供了额外的好处，即它们在地震期间和之后使结构返回到完全直立的位置。这些类型的高性能抗震元件已广泛应用于钢结构和混凝土结构。该研究计划将开发将现有的高性能地震阻尼器和结构形式整合到木结构中的方法，以提高木结构建筑的性能和竞争力。将开发和测试用于重型木框架的新横撑连接，其设计旨在防止木构件损坏，同时允许引入自定心横撑。全尺寸自定心梁柱连接，利用长钢预张拉筋将适用于木框架系统，并在实验室进行测试。此外，当局亦会设计、制作模型及测试可在地基及以上各层摇晃的实木墙。预计这项研究计划将提高木材的竞争力，用于建造更大更高的住宅，商业和工业结构，特别是在不列颠哥伦比亚省，魁北克和东部安大略的地震活跃区。希望这将反过来有利于加拿大林业，从而有利于加拿大的经济和社会。

The objective this research program is to develop novel and innovative high-performance earthquake-resistant systems for wood structures. This will be accomplished through the design of new hybrid wood-steel structural forms, which take advantage of the high strength-to-weight ratio, sustainability, and aesthetic value of wood, and the excellent earthquake performance of advanced steel passive damping systems. The type of wood building that most people are most familiar with is a residential house. This is a light-frame structure made of wood walls which consist of plywood sheathing nailed to lumber studs. There has been a recent push in Europe and North America to start to build different types of structures out of wood more often. For example, the “Wood First” initiative in British Columbia mandates that all new government structures must be constructed out of wood if possible. To fully meet this need, new research is required to determine how to best build larger and taller structures. Instead of using light-frame construction methods, these larger structures are typically built using heavy timber beams and columns and/or solid wood walls. One of the most significant challenges in the design of these larger and taller buildings in timber is to determine how to properly design them to resist earthquakes. Since wood is a brittle material, wood structures often rely on the bending and deformation of steel bolts or nails to accommodate the severe shaking caused by earthquakes. This design method tends to result in significant damage to wood building elements. This research program will investigate ways to prevent damage in the wood members by using specially-designed steel elements to limit the loads in the wood members and to dissipate energy from the structure during an earthquake. These steel elements accommodate and resist the earthquake loads through the action of special “self-centering” mechanisms, which provide the added benefit that they return a structure to a fully upright position during and after an earthquake. These types of high-performance earthquake resistant elements have been previously applied widely in steel and concrete structures. This research program will develop ways to integrate existing high-performance earthquake dampers and structural forms into a wood context to increase the performance and competitiveness of wood buildings. New cross-brace connections for heavy timber frames will be developed and tested that are designed to prevent wood members from being damaged while permitting the introduction of self-centering cross-braces. Full-scale self-centering beam-to-column connections that utilize long steel pretensioned tendons will be adapted to wood frame systems and tested in the laboratory. In addition, solid timber walls which are allowed to rock at their foundation and at every level above will be designed, modelled and tested. It is anticipated that this research program will increase the competitiveness of wood for use in the construction of larger and taller residential, commercial and industrial structures, especially in seismically active zones in British Columbia, Quebec and Eastern Ontario. Hopefully, this will, in turn, benefit the Canadian forestry industry and, therefore, the Canadian economy and society at large.