Design and Evaluation of VR and AR Simulator Modules

VR和AR模拟器模块的设计和评估

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04975
• 负责人: Eagleson, Roy
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=566864
• 关键词: Design; Evaluation; VR; AR; Simulator

The research proposal spans an overarching project on the design and evaluation of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality based Simulators. The proposed research will complements work being done through separately-funded projects on the design and evaluation of surgical simulator modules for a specific set of scenarios. In particular, the proposed project will develop generalized visualization and evaluation methodologies; generalizing case studies of Neurosurgical training simulators for training Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy, Angiography-based catheter navigation, and aneurysm coiling; and training of Colectomies, and Prostate Biopsy procedures). In each of these cases, the goals of the DG-based research projects undertaken by HQP will be to develop and evaluate modules that extend from current simulators, or for developing GPU-based algorithms for 3D interactive computer graphics. We are establishing an approach using a formal Task Analysis phase as part of the Requirements Analysis phase for the complex tasks being trained within these curricula. The task analysis is important, as it allows us to examine the task requirements from an information-processing standpoint; identifying the particular Perceptual, Cognitive, and Motor capacities and constraints on the trainee (the main user of the system), from the standpoint of Cognitive Science and Experimental Psychology. We take this approach seriously, as it allows us to formalize the requirements of the main software classes in the simulator systems, in terms of the input-output requirements for the View classes, the Controller Classes, and those of the Model (MVC paradigm for design and development). This characterization provides us with a Hierarchical Task Decomposition for the simulator modules, which is precise and explicit, to the point where the trainees' Index of Performance can be operationalized as metrics to be logged within the simulator modules. These metrics span the abstraction hierarchy (in the sense posed by Simon and Albus) so that low-level technical skills performance can be addressed by extending the classical Fitts paradigm which respects the speed-accuracy tradeoff, and also to generalize to higher levels of the abstraction involving 3D spatial reasoning, path planning, and sub-task sequencing. Higher-level decision-theoretic skills, and knowledge-level learning, can also be evaluated in terms of experimental paradigms operationalizing task completion times and error rates as analogous metrics. These methodological developments lead naturally to very precisely specified modules that provide natural projects for HQPs at all levels. We have a number of graduate students who will be working mid-way through their thesis this year, and this proposal would fund new students who would come on-stream within this active and interdisciplinary environment. We are also working with several industrial partners on these ongoing projects: Digital Extremes, Inc, a London-Ontario-based digital video game company employing 175 people (well known for their 'Bioshock' and 'Star Trek' titles); the National Research Council ("NeuroTouch" neurosurgical simulator); Christie Digital Displays and Christie Medical (on their VeinViewer and projector-based systems for Augmented Reality environments). In addition to exposure to these industry-based environments, our HQP are also able to network with other graduate students and academics through our involvement with the National Centres of Excellence project on Graphics and New Media (NCE-Grand), in which this applicant is Project Leader on HLTHSIM. The applicant is also a theme co-leader on our ORF-funded research project at CSTAR entitled, "Effective Systems for Procedure-Specific Healthcare Simulation".

该研究计划涵盖了一个关于虚拟现实和增强现实模拟器的设计和评估的总体项目。拟议的研究将补充正在通过单独资助的项目进行的工作，这些项目涉及针对特定场景的手术模拟器模块的设计和评估。特别是，拟议的项目将开发通用的可视化和评估方法;推广神经外科培训模拟器的案例研究，用于培训内窥镜第三脑室造口术，基于血管造影术的导管导航和动脉瘤弹簧圈;以及结肠切除术和前列腺活检程序的培训。在每一种情况下，由HQP进行的基于DG的研究项目的目标将是开发和评估从当前模拟器扩展的模块，或开发基于GPU的3D交互式计算机图形算法。我们正在建立一种方法，使用正式的任务分析阶段作为这些课程中培训的复杂任务的需求分析阶段的一部分。任务分析很重要，因为它使我们能够从信息处理的角度来检查任务要求;从认知科学和实验心理学的角度来识别受训者（系统的主要用户）的特定感知，认知和运动能力和限制。我们认真对待这种方法，因为它使我们能够形式化的主要软件类在模拟器系统中的要求，在视图类，控制器类的输入输出要求，和模型（MVC设计和开发范式）。这种特征化为我们提供了用于模拟器模块的分层任务分解，其精确且明确，达到了受训者的性能指数可以操作为要在模拟器模块内记录的度量的程度。这些指标跨越抽象层次（在Simon和Albus提出的意义上），因此可以通过扩展经典的Fitts范式来解决低级别的技术技能性能，该范式尊重速度-准确性权衡，并且还可以推广到涉及3D空间推理，路径规划和子任务排序的更高级别的抽象。更高层次的决策理论技能和知识水平的学习，也可以评估的实验范式操作任务完成时间和错误率作为类似的指标。这些方法的发展自然导致非常精确的具体模块，为各级HQP提供自然项目。我们有一些研究生谁将通过他们的论文中途工作，今年，这个建议将资助新的学生谁会在这个活跃的跨学科环境中来流。我们还与几个行业合作伙伴就这些正在进行的项目进行合作：Digital Extremes，Inc，一家总部位于伦敦安大略省的数字视频游戏公司，拥有175名员工（因其“生化奇兵”和“星星迷航”游戏而闻名）;国家研究理事会（“NeuroTouch”神经外科模拟器）;科视Christie Digital Displays和科视Christie Medical（用于增强现实环境的VeinViewer和基于投影仪的系统）。除了接触到这些行业为基础的环境，我们的HQP也能够通过我们的参与与其他研究生和学者的网络与图形和新媒体（NCE-Grand），其中该申请人是HLTHSIM项目负责人的国家卓越中心项目。申请人也是我们在CSTAR的ORF资助的研究项目的主题共同领导者，该项目名为“程序特定医疗保健模拟的有效系统”。