Petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments and invertebrates at the base of marine food webs in Baffin Bay; Climate change, industrial development and source apportionment.
巴芬湾海洋食物网底部沉积物和无脊椎动物中的石油碳氢化合物;
基本信息
- 批准号:RGPIN-2014-06319
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 3.13万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:加拿大
- 项目类别:Discovery Grants Program - Individual
- 财政年份:2014
- 资助国家:加拿大
- 起止时间:2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
In Canada’s Arctic, the changes currently underway in sea ice cover, and market pressures for new resources, have resulted in a significant increase in planned or prospective natural resource development. In particular, there has been a resurgence of interest from oil and natural gas companies in exploration and development licensing. Additionally, shipping traffic through the Canadian Arctic is predicted to increase with decreasing ice conditions. The environmental issues surrounding oil spills in ice-covered waters; however, remain a key concern of all stakeholders. The largest prospective under-sea oil reserves in Canada occur beneath Baffin Bay (including the North Water Polynya, Davis Strait, Lancaster Sound, and Jones Sound) which possibly contains as much as 10 billion barrels of oil. Development of this resource carries the risks of spills at all stages of exploration and production. Other possible sources of crude oil contamination in Arctic marine ecosystems include natural oil seeps, and oil spills from ships transporting oil sourced from other regions. Understanding the sources and fate of oil in ice and in the surrounding seawaters and biota are essential for the conduct of environmental risk assessments, the development of oil spill countermeasures, apportioning responsibility, and the monitoring of habitat recovery in the event of a spill. A lack of scientific knowledge for the development of sound policies and regulations could potentially temper the development of Canada’s Arctic oil and gas industry. Conversely, development of a detailed scientific knowledge base about the distribution, behaviour and persistence of hydrocarbons in the Arctic environment will help build confidence among Canadians that increased shipping activities and exploration/exploitation of Arctic offshore oil reserves can safely proceed, i.e., that there is an appropriate degree of science-based preparedness. To address these concerns we propose to; 1) Employ next generation multi-dimenstional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) to identify and characterize unique petroleum biomarkers and diagnostic ratios in bottom sediments collected from various regions within Baffin Bay and Lancaster Sound; 2) Employ next generation GCxGC-TOFMS in conjunction with standard GC-MS analysis to analyse zooplankton and benthic invertebrate samples collected from seep areas to test the hypothesis that regionally unique petroleum biomarkers and their diagnostic ratios can be used as a “detector” to ascertain their exposure to local sources of petroleum or, in the case of a spill, new foreign petrogenic sources; and 3) Characterize the microbial communities within the Baffin Bay region and assess their ability to biodegrade hydrocarbon mixtures and thus act as ‘first responders’ in catalyzing natural bioremediation and significant mitigation of certain negative impacts associated with the spilled oil. The ability of microbes to degrade hydrocarbons is well known and is an example of the ‘ecosystem services’ that microbial communities can potentially provide to Canadian society and Canadian industries that produce and transport hydrocarbon resources such as crude oil and bitumen. Many samples required for these studies are already "in-hand" as a result of expeditions conducted off the CCGS Amundsen in 2008, 2009 and 2013. Additional samples will be collected as required in subsequent Amundsen expeditions. This project will also contribute significantly to the training of HQP (1 PDF, 1 Technician, 5 BSc (1 per year of study), 1 MSc and 3 PhD students).
在加拿大的北极地区,目前正在发生的海冰覆盖的变化,以及对新资源的市场压力,导致了计划或预期的自然资源开发的显著增加。特别是,石油和天然气公司对勘探和开发许可的兴趣重新抬头。此外,预计通过加拿大北极地区的航运将随着冰况的减少而增加。围绕冰雪覆盖水域石油泄漏的环境问题;然而,这仍然是所有利益相关者关注的一个关键问题。加拿大最大的海底石油储量位于巴芬湾(包括北水波利亚、戴维斯海峡、兰开斯特海峡和琼斯海峡),可能含有多达100亿桶石油。这种资源的开发在勘探和生产的各个阶段都有泄漏的风险。北极海洋生态系统中原油污染的其他可能来源包括天然原油渗漏,以及从其他地区运输石油的船只泄漏的石油。了解冰中、周围海水和生物群中石油的来源和命运,对于进行环境风险评估、制定溢油对策、分配责任以及监测溢油事件后栖息地的恢复至关重要。缺乏制定合理政策和法规的科学知识可能会阻碍加拿大北极油气行业的发展。相反,建立一个关于北极环境中碳氢化合物分布、行为和持久性的详细科学知识库,将有助于在加拿大人之间建立信心,使他们相信增加的航运活动和北极近海石油储量的勘探/开采可以安全进行,也就是说,有适当程度的科学准备。为了解决这些问题,我们建议:1)采用新一代多维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GCxGC-TOFMS)技术,对巴芬湾和兰开斯特湾不同区域海底沉积物中独特的石油生物标志物和诊断比率进行鉴定和表征;2)采用新一代GCxGC-TOFMS结合标准GC-MS分析,分析从渗漏区收集的浮游动物和底栖无脊椎动物样本,以验证区域独特的石油生物标志物及其诊断比率可以作为“探测器”,以确定它们是否暴露于当地石油来源,或者在泄漏的情况下,是否暴露于新的外国产油来源;3)描述巴芬湾地区的微生物群落特征,并评估其生物降解碳氢化合物混合物的能力,从而在催化自然生物修复和显著减轻与溢油相关的某些负面影响方面发挥“第一反应者”的作用。众所周知,微生物降解碳氢化合物的能力是“生态系统服务”的一个例子,微生物群落可以为加拿大社会和生产和运输碳氢化合物资源(如原油和沥青)的加拿大工业提供潜在的服务。由于2008年、2009年和2013年在CCGS阿蒙森进行的考察,这些研究所需的许多样本已经“到手”了。在以后的阿蒙森考察中,将根据需要收集更多的样品。该项目还将为HQP的培训做出重大贡献(1名PDF, 1名技术员,5名理学士(每年学习1名),1名硕士和3名博士)。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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Stern, Gary其他文献
Standardisation of Rock-Eval pyrolysis for the analysis of recent sediments and soils
- DOI:
10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.01.011 - 发表时间:
2012-05-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3
- 作者:
Carrie, Jesse;Sanei, Hamed;Stern, Gary - 通讯作者:
Stern, Gary
Gas-phase ambient air contaminants exhibit significant dioxin-like and estrogen-like activity in vitro.
气相环境空气污染物在体外表现出明显的二恶英样和雌激素样活性。
- DOI:
10.1289/ehp.8496 - 发表时间:
2006-05 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:10.4
- 作者:
Klein, Gail P;Hodge, Erin M;Diamond, Miriam L;Yip, Amelia;Dann, Tom;Stern, Gary;Denison, Michael S;Harper, Patricia A - 通讯作者:
Harper, Patricia A
Passive sampler derived air concentrations of PBDEs along an urban-rural transect: Spatial and temporal trends
- DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.018 - 发表时间:
2006-06-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:8.8
- 作者:
Harner, Tom;Shoeib, Mahiba;Stern, Gary - 通讯作者:
Stern, Gary
Stern, Gary的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Stern, Gary', 18)}}的其他基金
The efficacy of in-situ burning as a counter measure to oil spills in Arctic marine waters
就地燃烧作为北极海域漏油对策的效果
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2019-05355 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 3.13万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
The efficacy of in-situ burning as a counter measure to oil spills in Arctic marine waters
就地燃烧作为北极海域漏油对策的效果
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2019-05355 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 3.13万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
The efficacy of in-situ burning as a counter measure to oil spills in Arctic marine waters
就地燃烧作为北极海域漏油对策的效果
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2019-05355 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 3.13万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
The efficacy of in-situ burning as a counter measure to oil spills in Arctic marine waters
就地燃烧作为北极海域漏油对策的效果
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2019-05355 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 3.13万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments and invertebrates at the base of marine food webs in Baffin Bay; Climate change, industrial development and source apportionment.
巴芬湾海洋食物网底部沉积物和无脊椎动物中的石油碳氢化合物;
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2014-06319 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 3.13万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments and invertebrates at the base of marine food webs in Baffin Bay; Climate change, industrial development and source apportionment.
巴芬湾海洋食物网底部沉积物和无脊椎动物中的石油碳氢化合物;
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2014-06319 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 3.13万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments and invertebrates at the base of marine food webs in Baffin Bay; Climate change, industrial development and source apportionment.
巴芬湾海洋食物网底部沉积物和无脊椎动物中的石油碳氢化合物;
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2014-06319 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 3.13万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments and invertebrates at the base of marine food webs in Baffin Bay; Climate change, industrial development and source apportionment.
巴芬湾海洋食物网底部沉积物和无脊椎动物中的石油碳氢化合物;
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2014-06319 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 3.13万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
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项目5:将受污染沉积物中的PAHs热解转化为炭,以消除毒性并提高土壤肥力
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Petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments and invertebrates at the base of marine food webs in Baffin Bay; Climate change, industrial development and source apportionment.
巴芬湾海洋食物网底部沉积物和无脊椎动物中的石油碳氢化合物;
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RGPIN-2014-06319 - 财政年份:2018
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$ 3.13万 - 项目类别:
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Petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments and invertebrates at the base of marine food webs in Baffin Bay; Climate change, industrial development and source apportionment.
巴芬湾海洋食物网底部沉积物和无脊椎动物中的石油碳氢化合物;
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巴芬湾海洋食物网底部沉积物和无脊椎动物中的石油碳氢化合物;
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