"Reducing Environmental Pollution from Veterinary Antibiotics, Endocrine Disruptive Chemicals, and Pathogens in Livestock Manure"

“减少兽用抗生素、内分泌干扰性化学物质和畜禽粪便中的病原体对环境的污染”

• 批准号: 5906-2012
• 负责人: Prasher, Shiv
• 金额: $ 1.53万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=568426
• 关键词: Reducing; Environmental; Pollution; Veterinary; Antibiotics

Canada produces over 180 million tonnes of livestock manure annually, containing both conventional and emerging contaminants. While a lot of research has been carried out to understand the fate and transport of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in manure, relatively little work has been done to look into the risks of soil and water pollution from antibiotics, growth promoters, natural and synthetic estrogenic and androgenic hormones, and pathogenic bacteria, present in the manure. Biochar, the charcoal produced from pyrolysis burning of biomass, can be applied as a soil amendment as it possesses a large surface area and develops high surface charge as it weathers in soil, allowing it to capture excess fertilizer nutrients and thus prevent their leaching from soil, retain soil moisture and serve as a preferred habitat for decomposer microorganisms. It also has a very long residence time in soil (hundreds to thousands of years. Biochar could play a potentially important role in controlling and reducing the mobility of veterinary antibiotics, growth promoting chemicals, steroidal estrogenic and androgenic hormones, pathogens, and pesticides in soil. It is hypothesized that biochar would be an effective agent that binds antibiotics, hormones, and pathogens from livestock manure, thereby preventing their transport from the field. It may also provide favorable physical and chemical conditions for colonization and survival of pathogens in soil. The long-term goal of my research program is to critically examine the role of biochar soil amendments in reducing soil and water pollution from various emerging chemicals in livestock manure. The short-term objectives are to quantify and substantiate the role of biochar in reducing environmental pollution from veterinary antibiotics as well as natural and synthetic steroid hormones in livestock manure in a coarse-textured soil. To the best of our knowledge, there is little published work on the effect of biochar on veterinary pharmaceuticals, male and female steroid hormones, and pathogens.

加拿大每年产生超过1.8亿吨的牲畜粪便，其中含有传统和新出现的污染物。虽然已经进行了大量的研究来了解粪便中氮和磷化合物的命运和运输，但对粪便中存在的抗生素、生长促进剂、天然和合成雌激素和雄激素以及致病菌对土壤和水污染的风险进行的研究相对较少。