Arabidopsis Seed Coats as a Model System for Genetic Analysis of Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis

拟南芥种皮作为植物细胞壁生物合成遗传分析的模型系统

• 批准号: 139803-2012
• 负责人: Haughn, George
• 金额: $ 8.01万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=569385
• 关键词: Arabidopsis; Seed; Coats; Model; System

Plant cell walls are primarily composed of the cellulose and hemicellulose, embedded in a polysaccharide gel called pectin. These cell wall components interact with one another to create an environmental barrier that meets the needs of the cell during growth and differentiation. In addition the wall provides an extracellular medium through which adjacent cells are connected to each other. Consequently, information concerning plant cell wall structure and how it can be modified as cells develop and adapt to a changing environment is valuable and has many applications in agriculture and forestry. We study a specialized cell type of the Arabidopsis thaliana seed coat that makes large quantities of cell wall polysaccharides. Mutants unable to synthesize these polysaccharides correctly are identified and used to isolate the corresponding genes needed for cell wall function. Using this approach we propose to study how 1. Cellulose and pectin interact to make a cohesive cell wall, 2. Cell walls are anchored to the cell membrane, 3. The cell wall components are delivered to the outside of the cell, and 4. To engineer cell wall components. We believe that answers to these questions will help us to understand and manipulate physical properties of the cell wall for the purposes of influencing plant growth and development.

植物细胞壁主要由纤维素和半纤维素组成，包埋在称为果胶的多糖凝胶中。这些细胞壁成分相互作用，形成一个环境屏障，满足细胞在生长和分化过程中的需要。 此外，细胞壁提供了细胞外介质，相邻细胞通过该介质彼此连接。 因此，关于植物细胞壁结构以及细胞如何随着细胞发育和适应变化的环境而改变的信息是有价值的，并且在农业和林业中有许多应用。我们研究了一种专门的细胞类型的拟南芥种皮，使大量的细胞壁多糖。 鉴定不能正确合成这些多糖的突变体，并用于分离细胞壁功能所需的相应基因。使用这种方法，我们建议研究如何1。纤维素和果胶相互作用，使细胞壁的粘性，2。细胞壁固定在细胞膜上，3。将细胞壁组分递送到细胞外部，和4.去设计细胞壁组件。我们相信这些问题的答案将有助于我们理解和操纵细胞壁的物理性质，以影响植物的生长和发育。