Development and Application of Novel Isotope Techniques for Tracing Nutrient Cycling in Watersheds

流域养分循环追踪同位素新技术的开发和应用

基本信息

批准号：
203307-2012
负责人：
Mayer, Bernhard
金额：
$ 3.93万
依托单位：
University of Calgary
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=569925
关键词：
Development Application Novel Isotope Techniques

项目摘要

Widespread application of nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-based fertilizers in industrial agriculture, but also N and P in urban runoff and wastewater effluents from cities and from industrial point sources, cause increasing nutrient releases into aquatic environments. In many countries including Canada this has resulted in nitrate loading of aquifers and eutrophication of surface water bodies causing problems such as drinking water deterioration and algae blooms, among others. The objective of this 5-year research program is to combine newly developed isotope tracers with established physical, chemical and isotopic approaches to gain new insights into N and P cycling in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Novel isotope techniques will be developed and applied in order to obtain a better understanding of sources and processes in the N and P cycles that affect water quality in Canadian watersheds. These include 1) site-specific N isotope measurements on N2O; 2) the analysis of 17-O in nitrate and sulfate for tracing the fate of atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur; 3) the determination of oxygen isotope ratios of phosphate to identify sources and processes affecting phosphate in the environment; 4) determining the transit time of N in soils with isotopic labels, and 5) boron (B) isotope analyses for differentiating urban waste water effluents from agricultural return flows. Laboratory experiments, soil plot studies with agricultural soils characterized by different land use, controlled nutrient releases in artificial streams, and watershed wide studies will be conducted to test this novel multi-tracer approach using a combination of physical, chemical and isotopic techniques. It is anticipated that the research team will be able to differentiate nutrient inputs from atmospheric deposition, urban runoff and wastewater effluents, agricultural return-flows, and industrial point sources. The significance of this novel multi-tracer approach is that the impact of natural and different anthropogenic factors, including urban, agricultural, and industrial activities, on water quality of surface water bodies will be better quantified. This knowledge will be essential for developing future water management strategies for watersheds in Canada and elsewhere.

在工业农业中的氮（N）和磷（P）基于磷（P）的肥料的广泛应用，以及在城市径流和城市径流和废水中的N和P中的N和P，从城市和工业点来源中的废水中的废水，导致营养疾病增加到水生环境中。在包括加拿大在内的许多国家中，这导致含水层的硝酸盐负载以及地表水体的富营养化，造成了诸如饮用水恶化和藻类绽放等问题。这项为期5年的研究计划的目的是将新开发的同位素示踪剂与既定的物理，化学和同位素方法相结合，以获得对陆地和水生生态系统中N和P循环的新见解。将开发和应用新颖的同位素技术，以便更好地了解影响加拿大流域水质的N和P循环中的来源和过程。其中包括1）N2O上特定于位点的N同位素测量； 2）对硝酸盐和硫酸盐中17-O的分析，以追踪大气氮和硫的命运； 3）测定磷酸盐的氧同位素比，以鉴定影响环境中磷酸盐的来源和过程； 4）确定具有同位素标签的土壤中N的运输时间，以及5）硼（b）同位素分析，以区分城市废水与农业返回流量。实验室实验，土壤图研究，其特征是以不同的土地利用，人工流中的养分释放以及分水岭进行的养分释放，将进行广泛的研究，以使用物理，化学和同位素技术的结合来测试这种新型的多迹象方法。可以预计，研究团队将能够将营养的投入与大气沉积，城市径流和废水废水，农业返回流以及工业点来源区分开。这种新型多迹象方法的意义在于，包括城市，农业和工业活动在内的自然和不同人为因素对地表水体水质的影响将得到更好的量化。这些知识对于制定加拿大和其他地方的流域的未来水管理策略至关重要。