New Generation Organic Flame Retardants and the Role of Biotransformation in Bioaccumulation in Convergent Food Webs of Top Predator Birds and Fish

新一代有机阻燃剂以及生物转化在顶级捕食性鸟类和鱼类趋同食物网生物累积中的作用

• 批准号: 239250-2012
• 负责人: Letcher, Robert
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=570594
• 关键词: New; Generation; Organic; Flame; Retardants

Among the chemicals that get attention for their worrisome effects on the environment and human health are organic flame retardants (OFRs) that contain bromine and chlorine. OFRs comprise a large and diverse class of additive and reactive substances. To mitigate fire hazards, manufacturers put these chemicals into commercial polymeric materials used in everything from furniture to textiles. Environmental studies continue to focus largely on brominated OFRs (BFRs) with high production volumes and/or established and substantial levels in environmental compartments worldwide, e.g., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Studies have raised concerns about these BFRs in causing cancers, hormonal disruption, neurological impairment and other problems. However, the subsequent restrictions on PBDE applications have resulted in the increased use of alternative and replacement OFR chemicals. Organophosphate FRs (OPFRs) are a good example with high-production volumes, and wide use in polymers dating back to the 1960's. OPFR environmental research was generally absent until recent "re-emergence" with some OPFRs being reported in indoor air, dust, wastewater and sludge, although knowledge for environmental biota worldwide remains extremely limited. Established BFRs in the environment such as PBDEs degrade and/or are biotransformed and metabolized to other forms e.g. highly brominated PBDEs lose bromine atoms and/or PBDEs convert to OH-containing PBDEs in fish, wildlife and humans. These PBDE products can persistent and bioaccumulate in an exposed organism including humans and may elicit deleterious effects. The proposed research will address the lack of understanding of the degradation/metabolism of new generation and replacement BFRs and OPFRs in model aquatic and top predator birds and fish from the Laurentian Great Lakes, and the influence on the fate and bioaccumulation relative to their convergent fish prey and lower food webs. The Great Lakes basin is where millions of Canadians live and also as top predators are likely exposed to these new generation OFRs.

因对环境和人类健康造成令人担忧的影响而受到关注的化学品之一是含有溴和氯的有机阻燃剂 (OFR)。 OFR 包含大量不同类型的添加剂和反应物质。为了减轻火灾危险，制造商将这些化学品添加到从家具到纺织品等各种用途的商业聚合物材料中。环境研究继续主要关注在全球环境分区中产量高和/或已确定且含量较高的溴化 OFR (BFR)，例如多溴二苯醚 (PBDE)。研究引起了人们对这些 BFR 导致癌症、荷尔蒙紊乱、神经损伤和其他问题的担忧。然而，随后对 PBDE 应用的限制导致替代和替代 OFR 化学品的使用增加。有机磷酸酯 FR (OPFR) 就是一个很好的例子，其产量高，并且自 20 世纪 60 年代起就广泛应用于聚合物中。 OPFR 环境研究普遍缺乏，直到最近“重新出现”，一些 OPFR 在室内空气、灰尘、废水和污泥中被发现，尽管全世界对环境生物群的了解仍然极其有限。环境中已存在的 BFR（例如 PBDE）会降解和/或生物转化并代谢为其他形式，例如 PBDE。高度溴化的 PBDE 在鱼类、野生动物和人类体内会失去溴原子和/或转化为含 OH 的 PBDE。这些多溴二苯醚产品可以在包括人类在内的暴露的有机体中持久存在和生物累积，并可能引起有害影响。拟议的研究将解决对劳伦森大湖模型水生和顶级捕食鸟类和鱼类中新一代和替代 BFR 和 OPFR 的降解/代谢缺乏了解，以及对其趋同鱼类猎物和较低食物网的命运和生物累积的影响的了解。五大湖盆地是数百万加拿大人居住的地方，作为顶级掠食者，很可能会接触到这些新一代的 OFR。