Implications of the structural setting, magma-wallrock interaction and postemplacement evolution of postorogenic carbonatites for their rare-metal (REE, Nb, Zr, U) potential

构造背景、岩浆-围岩相互作用以及造山后碳酸岩的侵位后演化对其稀有金属（REE、Nb、Zr、U）潜力的影响

• 批准号: 249596-2013
• 负责人: Chakhmouradian, Anton
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=570655
• 关键词: Implications; structural; setting; magma; wallrock

Carbonatites and genetically related rocks are an economically important source of rare metals. In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that carbonatites may have multiple origins and show fundamental differences specific to their tectonic setting and mantle sources. These relations between the petrogenesis and geochemistry of carbonatites have not been systematically studied to date. Although it has been recognized that some carbonatites are linked to orogenic processes, neither the causes nor mineral potential of this magmatism are presently understood. Other inadequately studied aspects of carbonatite petrology are the effect of magma-wallrock interaction on the transport and sequestration of rare metals (rare-earth elements, Nb, Ta, Zr and U), and the impact of postemplacement processes on the geometry and composition of ore bodies hosted by carbonatites. The proposed research program will address these existing knowledge gaps in an attempt to identify the principal factors that contribute to the development of recoverable economic concentrations of rare metals in carbonatites situated in orogenic settings. The novelty of the proposed program in that it will involve a systematic study of carbonatites from orogenic systems of different age and their petrogenetic and metallogenic analysis in a tectonic and structural context. The program will build on applicant's extensive experience with these rocks and his ongoing collaboration with scientists in Canada, Russia, China, Morocco and the European Union. This research will include a large training component and will be based on a multi-analytical approach to ensure that different styles of mineralization can be interpreted in the context of carbonatite evolution. The three major outcomes of this work will be: (1) an improved understanding of the sources and processes responsible for the formation of postorogenic carbonatites; (2) refined exploration criteria for ore deposits hosted by these rocks, and (3) training of highly qualified personnel with a know-how in rare-metal exploration and practical knowledge of field and instrumental techniques. The University of Manitoba has unique instrumental capabilities for providing this type of training.

碳酸岩和成因岩石是稀有金属的重要经济来源。近年来，人们越来越认识到碳酸岩可能有多种起源，并因其构造环境和地幔来源而表现出根本差异。迄今为止，尚未系统地研究碳酸岩的岩石成因和地球化学之间的关系。尽管人们已经认识到一些碳酸岩与造山作用有关，但目前对这种岩浆作用的原因和矿物潜力尚不清楚。碳酸岩岩石学研究不足的其他方面包括岩浆-围岩相互作用对稀有金属（稀土元素、Nb、Ta、Zr 和 U）迁移和封存的影响，以及侵位后过程对碳酸岩矿体几何形状和成分的影响。拟议的研究计划将解决这些现有的知识差距，试图确定有助于造山环境中碳酸岩中稀有金属可采经济富集度发展的主要因素。该计划的新颖之处在于，它将涉及对不同时代造山系统的碳酸岩的系统研究，及其在构造和结构背景下的岩石成因和成矿分析。该计划将建立在申请人对这些岩石的丰富经验以及他与加拿大、俄罗斯、中国、摩洛哥和欧盟科学家持续合作的基础上。这项研究将包括大量的培训内容，并将基于多重分析方法，以确保可以在碳酸岩演化的背景下解释不同类型的矿化。这项工作的三个主要成果是：（1）更好地了解造山后碳酸岩形成的来源和过程； (2) 细化这些岩石中矿床的勘探标准；(3) 培养具有稀有金属勘探专业知识以及现场和仪器技术实践知识的高素质人才。曼尼托巴大学拥有提供此类培训的独特工具能力。