Beyond selective attention - The role of different attentional modes for visual cognition

超越选择性注意 - 不同注意模式对视觉认知的作用

• 批准号: 261203-2013
• 负责人: Ferber, Susanne
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=570972
• 关键词: Beyond; selective; attention; role; different

How we select the targets of our attention determines the contents of our consciousness and thus shapes who we are. Current models of visual attention frame attention as a selective process by which personally meaningful or perceptually salient information is enhanced while irrelevant information is suppressed. Research in my lab is centered around the assumption that these traditional models of attention are incomplete, as they neglect some other essential features of attention, namely its dynamic and fluid nature that may allow for a more diffuse way of attending to information. While this notion of attention bodes well with people's intuitive distinction between focused and effortful attention contrasted with a more broadly distributed, relaxed and diffuse mode of attention, there is little empirical work establishing what diffuse attention is and how it may differ functionally and neuroanatomically from selective attention. In fact, previous research has exclusively focused on the benefits of selective attention and has considered diffuse attention as a lack of focus, but the proposed research will show that diffuse attention has positive characteristics, such as an increased attentional bandwidth. Thus, the overall goal of the proposed research is to establish a conceptual distinction between these two modes of attention through a series of behavioural and neuroimaging studies that take individual differences into account.

我们如何选择注意力的目标决定了我们意识的内容，从而塑造了我们是谁。当前的视觉注意模型将注意力视为一种选择性过程，通过这种过程，个人有意义的或感知上突出的信息被增强，而不相关的信息被抑制。我实验室的研究主要集中在这样一个假设上，即这些传统的注意力模型是不完整的，因为它们忽略了注意力的其他一些基本特征，即注意力的动态和流动性，这可能会让人们以一种更分散的方式关注信息。虽然这种注意力的概念预示着人们对集中注意力和努力注意力之间的直观区分，与更广泛分布的注意力相比，放松和分散注意力模式，很少有实证工作确定分散注意力是什么，以及它在功能和神经解剖学上如何不同于选择性注意力。事实上，以前的研究只关注选择性注意力的好处，并认为分散注意力是缺乏焦点的，但拟议的研究将表明分散注意力具有积极的特征，例如增加注意力带宽。因此，拟议研究的总体目标是通过一系列考虑到个体差异的行为和神经影像学研究，在这两种注意力模式之间建立一个概念上的区别。