Identifying acoustic-level and language-specific sensory processing mechanisms

言语知觉是由母语的语音定向模式的经验调制。感官 言语加工是感知、语言学习和语言理解的基础， 关于神经信号如何在皮层信息流中变成语言特异性的，还有很多未知数。 初步的证据表明，语言经验与语音定位模式调制声学水平 感觉处理在早期皮层阶段（<150 ms）通过反馈内的低频带的 脑电图（EEG）。然而，关于调节作用的时间有相互矛盾的报道， 很少，如果有的话，跨语言的调查母语和非母语的音位结构模式，检查 皮质网络中信息流的方向。在这个项目中，我们将分析96个EEG数据集， 之前从24名母语为波兰语和24名母语为英语的成年人那里获得， 在两种听力条件下，不同的口语非词对，注意和被动条件。非词 在包含出现在波兰语和英语中的起始序列/pt/、/p t/、/st/和/s t/的对中， 除了/pt/之外，它在英语中从不出现在单词起始位置。对该数据集的分析将 测试特定于语言的感觉处理发生在皮层信息早期的假设 信息流（<150 ms）通过听觉皮层中的语音处理区域。 多种分析方法，包括AEP，来自大脑源级通道的时频测量， 电流源密度，以及大脑连接性的测量，包括连贯性和基于格兰杰的容差 将利用连通性来实现具体目标。目标1将确定是否感觉加工的 在早期皮质阶段的选择性注意的背景下，口语非词是语言特异性的。目的2 将评估口语非词的感觉处理是否是语言特定的背景下， 在早期皮质阶段重复的语音序列。目标3将确定 语言特异性活动和信息流的方向在感觉处理的本地和非 本机phonotactic模式，并在注意和重复抑制的背景下。成果将 阐明言语知觉的感觉加工机制。

Speech perception is modulated by experiences with native language phonotactic patterns. Sensory processing of speech is fundamental to perception, language learning, and language comprehension however much is unknown about how neural signals become language-specific within the cortical information stream. Preliminary evidence suggests that language experience with phonotactic patterns modulates acoustic-level sensory processing at early cortical stages (<150 ms) through feedback within the low frequency bands of the electroencephalogram (EEG). However, there are conflicting reports on the timing of the modulatory effects, and few, if any, cross-linguistic investigations of native and non-native phonotactic patterns that examine the direction of information flow within cortical networks. For this project, we will analyze 96 EEG datasets, previously obtained from 24 native Polish and 24 native English-speaking adults as they listened to same and different spoken nonword pairs during two listening conditions, an Attend and Passive condition. Nonwords within the pairs contained the onset sequences /pt/, /pət/, /st/, and /sət/ that occur in the Polish and English languages, except for /pt/, which never occurs in English in the word onset position. Analysis of this dataset will test the hypothesis that language-specific sensory processing occurs early within the cortical information stream (<150 ms) through information flow directed to phonological processing regions in auditory cortex. Multiple methods of analysis including AEPs, measures of time-frequency from brain source-level channels, current source density, and measures of brain connectivity, including coherence and Granger causality-based connectivity will be used to carry out the specific aims. Aim 1 will determine whether sensory processing of spoken nonwords is language-specific within the context of selective attention at early cortical stages. Aim 2 will evaluate whether sensory processing of spoken nonwords is language-specific within the context of repeated phonological sequences at early cortical stages. Aim 3 will determine the spatial distribution of language-specific activity and the direction of information flow during sensory processing of native and non- native phonotactic patterns and within the contexts of attention and repetition suppression. The outcomes will clarify sensory processing mechanisms of speech perception.