Identifying acoustic-level and language-specific sensory processing mechanisms

言语知觉受到母语音位模式经验的调节。感官 然而，语音处理是感知、语言学习和语言理解的基础 在大脑皮层信息流中，神经信号是如何变得特定于语言的，目前尚不清楚。 初步证据表明，发音模式的语言经验可以调节声学水平 在早期大脑皮层阶段(&lt；150毫秒)通过低频段的反馈进行感觉处理 脑电(EEG)。然而，关于调节效应的时间有相互矛盾的报道， 而且，很少有对母语和非母语音位模式的跨语言研究，这些研究考察了 大脑皮层网络内信息流动的方向。在这个项目中，我们将分析96个脑电数据集， 之前从24名以波兰为母语的成年人和24名以英语为母语的成年人那里获得 在两种听力状态下，不同的口语非单词对，一种是注意状态，一种是被动状态。非文字 在包含波兰语和英语中的/pt/、/pət/、/st/和/Sət/的声母序列的对中 语言，但/pt/除外，它在英语中从来不出现在单词的开头位置。对此数据集的分析将 检验一种假设，即特定语言的感觉处理发生在大脑皮层信息的早期 通过信息流(&lt；150毫秒)流向听觉皮质的语音处理区域。 多种分析方法，包括AEP，来自大脑来源水平通道的时频测量， 电流源密度，以及大脑连通性的测量，包括基于一致性和格兰杰因果关系的测量 将利用互联互通来实现具体目标。目标1将确定感觉加工是否 在早期大脑皮层阶段选择性注意的背景下，口语非词汇是特定于语言的。目标2 我将评估口语非单词的感觉加工是否是语言特有的 大脑皮层早期的重复的音序序列。目标3将确定 母语和非母语儿童感觉加工过程中的语言特异性活动和信息流方向 在注意和重复抑制的背景下，自然发音模式。结果将会是 阐明言语知觉的感觉加工机制。

Speech perception is modulated by experiences with native language phonotactic patterns. Sensory processing of speech is fundamental to perception, language learning, and language comprehension however much is unknown about how neural signals become language-specific within the cortical information stream. Preliminary evidence suggests that language experience with phonotactic patterns modulates acoustic-level sensory processing at early cortical stages (<150 ms) through feedback within the low frequency bands of the electroencephalogram (EEG). However, there are conflicting reports on the timing of the modulatory effects, and few, if any, cross-linguistic investigations of native and non-native phonotactic patterns that examine the direction of information flow within cortical networks. For this project, we will analyze 96 EEG datasets, previously obtained from 24 native Polish and 24 native English-speaking adults as they listened to same and different spoken nonword pairs during two listening conditions, an Attend and Passive condition. Nonwords within the pairs contained the onset sequences /pt/, /pət/, /st/, and /sət/ that occur in the Polish and English languages, except for /pt/, which never occurs in English in the word onset position. Analysis of this dataset will test the hypothesis that language-specific sensory processing occurs early within the cortical information stream (<150 ms) through information flow directed to phonological processing regions in auditory cortex. Multiple methods of analysis including AEPs, measures of time-frequency from brain source-level channels, current source density, and measures of brain connectivity, including coherence and Granger causality-based connectivity will be used to carry out the specific aims. Aim 1 will determine whether sensory processing of spoken nonwords is language-specific within the context of selective attention at early cortical stages. Aim 2 will evaluate whether sensory processing of spoken nonwords is language-specific within the context of repeated phonological sequences at early cortical stages. Aim 3 will determine the spatial distribution of language-specific activity and the direction of information flow during sensory processing of native and non- native phonotactic patterns and within the contexts of attention and repetition suppression. The outcomes will clarify sensory processing mechanisms of speech perception.