Identification of microbial species and genes associated with the bovine rumen and understanding their relationship to host feed efficiency

鉴定与牛瘤胃相关的微生物种类和基因并了解它们与宿主饲料效率的关系

• 批准号: 341239-2009
• 负责人: Stothard, Paul
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=572208
• 关键词: Identification; microbial; species; genes; associated

We hypothesize that variation in feed efficiency (the ability of an individual to extract energy from its food) among cattle is mediated in part by differences in the composition of the rumen microbial community, because of the role of rumen bacteria in fiber digestion, the observation that additives that alter the composition of the rumen microbial population affect feed efficiency, and increasing evidence from other species that gut bacteria affect host traits such as obesity. We will explore the relationship between rumen bacteria and feed efficiency using both a species-centric and a gene-centric approach. The species-centric approach will involve isolating and sequencing a particular gene (called cpn60) from rumen bacteria, to estimate how many distinct bacterial species are present and to estimate their abundance. The gene-centric approach will involve extensive sequencing of random genome fragments isolated from rumen bacteria. We will use a variety of computational approaches to analyze the genome fragment sequences, to predict their functional properties and to identify the metabolic processes they support. The species- and gene-centric approaches will be applied to high feed efficiency individuals and to low feed efficiency individuals. The types and abundance of bacterial species, gene functions, and metabolic processes will be compared, to identify those that are associated with high feed efficiency. Long-term research will focus on understanding the mechanisms by which the bacterial species and genes we identify affect feed efficiency. The work described in this proposal will increase our understanding of the structure and physiology of the rumen microbial ecosystem. In addition to providing new diversity estimates for the rumen microbial community, this study has the potential to reveal novel species; unexpected protein families and metabolic functions; and new enzymes of biotechnological importance. Of particular practical interest will be microbial species or genes found to be associated with high feed efficiency. Knowledge of these species and genes may eventually lead to more efficient animals that produce fewer greenhouse gases, and reduced feed costs for Canadian livestock producers.

我们假设饲料效率的变化牛之间的能量（个体从其食物中提取能量的能力）部分由瘤胃微生物群落组成的差异介导，因为瘤胃细菌在纤维消化中的作用，观察到改变瘤胃微生物群体组成的添加剂影响饲料效率，以及来自其他物种的越来越多的证据表明，肠道细菌会影响宿主的特征，如肥胖。我们将探索瘤胃细菌和饲料效率之间的关系，使用物种为中心和基因为中心的方法。以物种为中心的方法将涉及从瘤胃细菌中分离和测序一个特定的基因（称为cpn 60），以估计有多少不同的细菌物种存在，并估计它们的丰度。基因为中心的方法将涉及广泛的随机基因组片段的测序从瘤胃细菌分离。我们将使用各种计算方法来分析基因组片段序列，预测它们的功能特性，并确定它们支持的代谢过程。以物种和基因为中心的方法将应用于高饲料效率个体和低饲料效率个体。将比较细菌种类、基因功能和代谢过程的类型和丰度，以确定与高饲料效率相关的细菌。长期研究将集中在了解我们确定的细菌种类和基因影响饲料效率的机制上。这项工作将增加我们对瘤胃微生物生态系统的结构和生理的理解。除了提供新的瘤胃微生物群落的多样性估计，这项研究有可能揭示新的物种;意想不到的蛋白质家族和代谢功能;和新的酶的生物技术的重要性。特别实际感兴趣的是发现与高饲料效率相关的微生物物种或基因。对这些物种和基因的了解最终可能会导致产生更少温室气体的更高效的动物，并降低加拿大牲畜生产者的饲料成本。