"Search and Characterization of Exoplanets, Brown Dwarfs and Young Stars"

“系外行星、褐矮星和年轻恒星的搜索和表征”

• 批准号: 341282-2012
• 负责人: Doyon, René
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=572219
• 关键词: Search; Characterization; Exoplanets; Brown; Dwarfs

The search and studies of exoplanet is blooming and motivate the construction of the largest observatories both on the ground and in space. The goal of this endeavour is to determine the frequency of planetary systems, understand how planets form and how they evolve. The ultimate goal is to find a world like ours, a terrestrial planet that could harbor life. Nearly 700 exoplanets have been discovered through various techniques including radial velocity, the transit method, micro-lensing and, very recently, direct imaging. The next step is to unveil more gas giant planets detected through imaging with a powerful instrument like the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) and develop the radial velocity technique at infrared wavelengths to enable the search of Earth-size planets within the habitable zone (HZ) of low-mass stars. These targets will eventually be observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), late in this decade, to search for water vapour in their atmosphere. I propose to continue a long-term program for identifying, through a novel Bayesian analysis, new young stars and brown dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood, in addition to parallel follow-up observing programs to characterize these new targets. I propose to search for gas giant planets around these new young targets using GPI and other instruments. I also propose to develop SPIROU, a high-resolution infrared resolution spectropolarimeter to be used on CFHT and designed for accurate radial velocity (1 m/s), enough to detect a terrestrial planet within the HZ of a low-mass star. Finally, I will continue the development of JWST, more specifically to develop the slitless spectroscopic mode of the Canadian instrument NIRISS anticipated to be used for high-precision transit spectroscopy work such as detecting water from terrestrial planets transiting low-mass stars.

对系外行星的搜索和研究正在蓬勃发展，并推动了地面和太空最大天文台的建设。这项工作的目标是确定行星系统的频率，了解行星如何形成以及如何演变。最终目标是找到一个像我们这样的世界，一个可以孕育生命的类地行星。近700颗系外行星已经通过各种技术被发现，包括径向速度、凌日法、微透镜和最近的直接成像。下一步是通过使用Gemini Planet Imager（GPI）等强大的仪器进行成像来发现更多的气体巨行星，并开发红外波长的径向速度技术，以便在低质量恒星的可居住区（HZ）内搜索地球大小的行星。詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）最终将在本世纪末观测这些目标，以寻找其大气中的水蒸气。 我建议继续进行一项长期计划，通过一种新的贝叶斯分析来识别太阳附近的新的年轻恒星和褐矮星，此外还将进行平行的后续观测计划来描述这些新目标的特征。我建议使用GPI和其他仪器在这些新的年轻目标周围寻找气体巨行星。我还建议开发SPIROU，一个高分辨率的红外分辨率分光偏振计上使用的CFHT和精确的径向速度（1米/秒），足以检测一个低质量星星的HZ内的类地行星。最后，我将继续开发JWST，更具体地说，开发加拿大仪器NIRISS的无狭缝光谱模式，预计将用于高精度凌日光谱工作，例如探测从低质量恒星凌日的类地行星中的水。