Cellular and molecular systems level analysis of placenta development and function.

胎盘发育和功能的细胞和分子系统水平分析。

• 批准号: 435963-2013
• 负责人: Cox, Brian
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=574243
• 关键词: Cellular; molecular; systems; level; analysis

During pregnancy an organ called the placenta is made by the developing baby. It forms early in pregnancy as it plays many important roles throughout the pregnancy. The placenta cells, called trophoblast, help the embryo to stick to the uterus and undergo a process call implantation. After implantation the placenta releases signals to the mother to tell her body that she is pregnant. Pregnancy tests work by detecting some of signals. These signals cause changes in the mother's blood vessels so that more blood will be sent to where the baby is growing. Signals from the placenta also prevent the mothers immune systems from attacking the baby. The most important role of the placenta is feeding the baby. This is done by transferring nutrients from the mothers blood into the babies blood without the two blood systems mixing. After the pregnancy is over the placenta is no longer needed. My proposal asks two questions: How does the placenta grow and develop? What are the signals that the placenta sends and receives to begin and maintain a pregnancy? To address these questions I will use techniques that can separate and count all the different cells that make up the placenta. By measuring changes in the counts of cells during the pregnancy I can find the kinds of cells that are required early, late or throughout the pregnancy. By isolating the different cells that make the placenta I can measure the expression of genes in these different cells. This will tell me how the cells interact with each other, the foetus and the mother. This will also tell me about the different signals that these cells can send and receive. Increasing our understanding of the placenta will help increase our understanding of pregnancy and embryo development. Increasing our understanding of the cells and the signals used in the placenta is important information for helping mothers and their babies to have successful pregnancies.

在怀孕期间，一个叫做胎盘的器官是由发育中的婴儿制造的。它在怀孕早期形成，因为它在整个怀孕期间起着许多重要的作用。被称为滋养细胞的胎盘细胞帮助胚胎附着在子宫上，并经历一个称为着床的过程。植入后，胎盘向母亲释放信号，告诉她的身体她怀孕了。验孕棒的工作原理是检测一些信号。这些信号引起母亲血管的变化，使更多的血液被输送到婴儿生长的地方。胎盘发出的信号也会阻止母亲的免疫系统攻击婴儿。胎盘最重要的作用是喂养婴儿。这是通过将母亲血液中的营养物质转移到婴儿血液中而没有两种血液系统混合来完成的。怀孕结束后，胎盘就不再需要了。