Evolutionary and ecological impact of the escape of farmed salmon: policy and mitigation strategies

养殖鲑鱼逃逸的进化和生态影响：政策和缓解策略

• 批准号: 463422-2014
• 负责人: Fleming, Ian
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=577064
• 关键词: Evolutionary; ecological; impact; escape; farmed

The proposed research aims to promote stability and future success of Canada's aquaculture industry and the persistence and health of wild salmon populations. Atlantic salmon are of considerable economic, social and environmental importance in Canada. They contribute to economies through aquaculture, recreational fisheries and tourism, and are of cultural significance and a traditional food source for First Nations people. Escapes of farm salmon, however, are both an economic loss and an environmental concern. Their effects on wild salmon populations will be a function of: (1) the presence of escapes and subsequent interbreeding (frequency and magnitude); (2) differences in traits that affect survival, competition and reproduction; (3) ability of natural systems to buffer against escapes through natural selection; and (4) our ability to mitigate impacts. To address these issues we propose four tightly-linked projects that couple ecological studies with state of the art genomic technologies. (1) We will assess factors affecting the marine survival, dispersal, and behaviour of escaped salmon at sea, as well as the environmental response to the presence of sea cage sites. This component will also explore mitigation strategies aimed at enhancing recovery of escaped farm salmon. (2) We will quantify the realized reproductive success resulting from a large escape event in 2013 and the potential viability of crosses of wild salmon with North American- and European-origin farm salmon. (3) Laboratory experiments will be undertaken to compare traits and behavioural interactions among offspring (pure and hybrid) from crosses of wild salmon with North American- and European-origin farm salmon. This project also involves a replicated experimental release of offspring of wild salmon and NA-origin farm salmon (pure and hybrid). (4) Using the findings from 1-3, we will model potential implications of various escape scenarios and explore mitigation strategies. Ultimately, our findings are designed to inform policy makers and others on conservation and aquaculture management strategies that can promote stable and persistent wild salmon populations and continued growth of the industry.

拟议的研究旨在促进加拿大水产养殖业的稳定和未来的成功，以及野生鲑鱼种群的持久性和健康。大西洋鲑鱼在加拿大具有相当大的经济、社会和环境重要性。它们通过水产养殖、休闲渔业和旅游业促进经济发展，具有文化意义，是原住民的传统食物来源。然而，养殖鲑鱼的逃逸既是经济损失，也是环境问题。它们对野生鲑鱼种群的影响将取决于：（1）逃逸和随后的杂交（频率和幅度）;（2）影响生存、竞争和繁殖的性状差异;（3）自然系统通过自然选择缓冲逃逸的能力;（4）我们减轻影响的能力。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了四个紧密联系的项目，将生态研究与最先进的基因组技术结合起来。(1)我们将评估影响海洋生存，扩散和逃逸鲑鱼在海上的行为的因素，以及海洋网箱现场的存在的环境响应。这一构成部分还将探讨旨在加强逃逸养殖鲑鱼恢复的缓解战略。(2)我们将量化2013年一次大型逃逸事件所带来的生殖成功，以及野生鲑鱼与北美和欧洲原产的农场鲑鱼杂交的潜在可行性。(3)将进行实验室实验，以比较野生鲑鱼与北美和欧洲原产的农场鲑鱼杂交的后代（纯鲑鱼和杂交鲑鱼）之间的性状和行为相互作用。该项目还涉及野生鲑鱼和北美原产地农场鲑鱼（纯鲑鱼和杂交鲑鱼）后代的重复实验释放。(4)利用1-3的发现，我们将模拟各种逃生情景的潜在影响，并探索缓解策略。最终，我们的研究结果旨在为政策制定者和其他人提供有关保护和水产养殖管理策略的信息，这些策略可以促进野生鲑鱼种群的稳定和持续增长以及该行业的持续增长。