Lithium ion batteries for auxiliary power units in transportation systems: from physical modeling to optimal operation

该提案的主题是通过材料的物理模型来推进电池技术， 流程和操作。该项目支持合作公司Cool-it Hi Way Services在 为重型运输应用开发电池供电的辅助动力装置(APU)。 这些APU允许空闲电源在以下时间内提供供暖、通风和空调需求 驾驶休息时间。无闲置APU市场的增长取决于先进电化学技术的发展 动力单元(电池、燃料电池、超级电容器)，可显著降低成本、提高能效、 降低油耗，在重负荷的典型气候和负荷条件下运行时间长 车辆。为了实现这些实际目标，我们将开发物理建模的分层方法。我们的 模型将在从活性颗粒到电极的一系列尺度上整合结构细节和过程 以及电池组。该模型的中心模块用统计粒子表示电池电极 模特。基于福克-普朗克理论的形式主义将被用来描述动态粒子 人口平衡。这种多才多艺的形式主义将允许结构性退化的主要原因，由 化学、机械和热应激源，包括在内。它将在后续项目阶段链接到 一维电极模型和热模块。容量和功率衰减、故障模式和电池循环寿命将 根据初始电池布局和结构、提供的外部条件和循环进行分析 适用的协议。建模洞察力将为开发新的电池管理系统提供支持 将优化基于电池的APU的动态响应。此工具，包括详细的文档，将 以可执行程序的形式提供给CIHWS。此外，我们还将发展一种技术经济 用于运输系统中的APU的成本建模工具，将纳入电池模型的结果。

The theme of this proposal is advancement of battery technology through physical modeling of materials, processes, and operation. The project supports the collaborating company, Cool-It Hi Way Services, in the development of battery-powered auxiliary power units (APUs) for heavy-duty transportation applications. These APUs allow idle-free power supply to provide heating, ventilation and air-conditioning needs during driving breaks. Growth of the idle-free APU market hinges on the development of advanced electrochemical power units (battery, fuel cell, supercapacitor) that enable markedly reduced cost, high energy efficiency, reduced fuel consumption, and long operating time under typical climate and load conditions of heavy-duty vehicles. To achieve these practical goals, we will develop a hierarchical approach in physical modeling. Our model will integrate structural details and processes over a range of scales from active particles to electrodes and to battery cells. The central module of the model represents battery electrodes by a statistical particle model. A formalism based on Fokker-Planck theory will be employed to describe the dynamic particle population balance. This versatile formalism will allow leading causes of structural degradation, driven by chemical, mechanical and thermal stressors, to be incorporated. It will be linked in subsequent project phases to a 1D electrode model and a thermal module. Capacity and power fade, failure modes, and battery cycle life will be analyzed in dependence of initial battery layout and structure, external conditions provided and cycling protocols applied. Modeling insights will furnish the development of a new battery management system that will optimize the dynamic response of battery-based APUs. This tool, including a detailed documentation, will be provided to CIHWS in the form of an executable program. Moreover, we will develop a techno-economic cost-modeling tool for APUs in transportation systems that will incorporate results of the battery model.