A novel genetically engineered oilseed: A controlled assessment of two bioactive substances intended for commercialization

一种新型基因工程油籽：对两种用于商业化的生物活性物质的受控评估

• 批准号: 491882-2015
• 负责人: Arts, Michael
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Ryerson University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Engage Grants Program
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=587116
• 关键词: novel; genetically; engineered; oilseed; controlled

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are essential fatty acids that are produced only by aquatic plants (these compounds are not found in terrestrial plants) and are critical to our neurological and cardiovascular health. However, we (and indeed all other vertebrates) do not make these compounds very efficiently, so they must, in large part, be obtained from the diet (e.g. by eating fish and/or fish oil pills). Sourcing EPA and DHA from wild fish is quickly becoming both environmentally- and economically-unsustainable. As a solution to this problem, oilseed crops (such as canola and camelina) have been genetically engineered (GE) to produce EPA and DHA at levels similar to fish oil, which can then be used by several different industries (nutraceuticals, aquaculture) to replace fish oil. Linnaeus Plant Sciences (LPS) is keen to grow and commercialize GE camelina in Canada, and would be the first to do so on a commercial scale globally. However, commercialization will require testing to demonstrate that introducing GE camelina to the Canadian agroecosystem will not unduly benefit crop pests. We propose to conduct the initial research required to begin the commercialization process, understand the effects, and transfer this key knowledge to LPS. To begin the assessment process, we plan to investigate the effect of EPA and DHA on the biology of crop pests.

二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）是必需脂肪酸，仅由水生植物产生（这些化合物在陆生植物中没有发现），对我们的神经和心血管健康至关重要。然而，我们（实际上所有其他脊椎动物）不能非常有效地制造这些化合物，因此它们必须在很大程度上从饮食中获得（例如通过吃鱼和/或鱼油丸）。从野生鱼类中获取EPA和DHA在环境和经济上都变得不可持续。作为解决这个问题的一种方法，油籽作物（如油菜和亚麻荠）经过基因工程（GE），以产生与鱼油相似水平的EPA和DHA，然后可以被几个不同的行业（营养品，水产养殖）用来取代鱼油。Linnaeus Plant Sciences（LPS）热衷于在加拿大种植和商业化转基因亚麻荠，并将成为全球第一个在商业规模上这样做的公司。然而，商业化将需要进行测试，以证明将转基因亚麻荠引入加拿大农业生态系统不会对作物害虫产生过度的好处。我们建议进行开始商业化过程所需的初步研究，了解影响，并将这些关键知识转移到LPS。为了开始评估过程，我们计划调查EPA和DHA对作物害虫生物学的影响。