New radioanalytical tools for the detection of naturally-occurring and anthropogenic radionuclides

用于检测天然和人为放射性核素的新放射性分析工具

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04253
• 负责人: Larivière, Dominic
• 金额: $ 3.93万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=587695
• 关键词: New; radioanalytical; tools; detection; naturally

A few years ago nuclear power was seen as an environmentally friendly alternative to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels for growing global electricity needs. Now the Fukushima-Daichii accidents and a uranium mining moratorium in many countries have significantly altered the expected renaissance. However, many scientific challenges remain in nuclear sciences: the decommissioning of numerous nuclear power plants, increasing quantities of nuclear waste, increasing use of ionizing radiation in therapy and diagnostics, and the debate about the effects of low doses of radiation. Much remains to be learned about the behaviour of radionuclides in the environment and their impact on the biota, including humans. We need better measurement, evaluation, and monitoring of radioactivity to ensure safe facility operation for the surrounding populations and environments. New radioanalytical methodologies (e.g. preparation of sample, measurements, automation) will enable faster, more cost-effective monitoring. In our previous discovery grant, we focussed on the development of new radioanalytical tools for the detection and quantification of transuranium elements. Based on the successful analytical progress emerging from our laboratory (cloud point extraction, novel functionalized materials for radiochemistry, automation) we will extend our research to other hard-to-detect radionuclides by incorporating new and emerging concepts and tools in analytical chemistry. In the research period covered by this proposal, we will investigate and develop new chemical and instrumental approaches to facilitate the detection and quantification of naturally occurring and anthropogenic radionuclides in industrial, biological and environmental matrices. Now, we will study: • Use of new ligands in CPE for the preconcentration of other radionuclides and the development of multiconstituants and multianalysis CPE for environmental samples. • CPE coupled with a simple fluidic design and light detection for on-site quantification of U in liquid samples (beneficial to mining industry, nuclear worker bioassays, and well water owners). • tandem-quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the rapid detection of hard-to-detect radionuclides (a new approach to reduce peak tailing and limit interfering species formation) • simultaneous preconcentration and enhanced sample-to-plasma transfer via the design of a microcell where adsorption and the generation of volatile species (hydride, alkylated) will occur on the same solid support. These analytical innovations will provide faster, accurate and cost-effective tools to assess and minimize environmental impacts, increasing our ability to detect and quantify possible emissions of radionuclides in the environment at ultra-low levels, and provide scientific support to help protect flora and fauna from ionizing radiation.

几年前，核能被视为一种环境友好的替代能源，可以减少我们对化石燃料的依赖，以满足日益增长的全球电力需求。现在，福岛第一核电站事故和许多国家暂停铀矿开采的决定大大改变了预期的复兴。 然而，在核科学方面仍然存在许多科学挑战：许多核电站退役，核废料数量增加，电离辐射在治疗和诊断中的使用增加，以及关于低剂量辐射影响的辩论。 关于放射性核素在环境中的行为及其对包括人类在内的生物群的影响，仍有许多问题有待了解。我们需要更好地测量、评估和监测放射性，以确保设施的安全运行，保护周围的人口和环境。新的放射性分析方法（例如样品制备、测量、自动化）将使监测更快、更具成本效益。 在我们以前的发现补助金中，我们专注于开发新的放射性分析工具，用于检测和定量超铀元素。基于我们实验室成功的分析进展（浊点萃取，放射化学新型功能化材料，自动化），我们将通过整合分析化学中的新概念和工具，将我们的研究扩展到其他难以检测的放射性核素。 在本提案所涉研究期间，我们将研究和开发新的化学和仪器方法，以促进对工业、生物和环境基质中天然存在和人为放射性核素的检测和量化。 现在，我们将学习： ·在CPE中使用新的配体，用于其他放射性核素的预浓缩，并开发用于环境样品的多组分和多分析CPE。 · CPE结合简单的流体设计和光检测，用于现场定量液体样品中的U（有益于采矿业、核工人生物测定和井水所有者）。 ·串联四极电感耦合等离子体质谱法，用于快速检测难以检测的放射性核素（减少峰拖尾和限制干扰物质形成的新方法） ·通过微池的设计同时进行预浓缩和增强的样品至血浆转移，其中吸附和挥发性物质（氢化物、烷基化）的产生将发生在同一固体载体上。 这些分析创新将提供更快、准确和具有成本效益的工具，以评估和尽量减少环境影响，提高我们探测和量化环境中可能的超低水平放射性核素排放的能力，并提供科学支持，帮助保护植物群和动物群免受电离辐射的影响。