Development of Cost-Effective Accelerated Bridge Construction in Skew and Right Alignments

使用预制构件和系统加快新桥的建造和更换破旧的桥，最近引起了桥梁司法管辖区的极大关注和兴趣。预制件和系统可以快速组装，可以减少设计工作量，减少对现场附近环境的影响，并最大限度地减少延误和车道关闭时间，以及对出行公众的不便，节省时间和纳税人的金钱。其中一个系统包括横向放置在钢或混凝土梁上的全深度、全宽度预制混凝土桥面板，其中提供了灌浆口袋，以容纳焊接到钢梁或嵌入混凝土梁的剪切连接件集群。加拿大公路桥设计规范没有提供足够的指南或规范来对这种斜交和直线式装配式桥梁系统进行经济设计。文献回顾揭示了一些重要的未解决的分析、设计和性能问题，需要进行详细的评估。这些问题包括：(I)在预制桥面铺设过程中，施工阶段斜交组合桥梁的静载和活载分配系数；(Ii)斜交组合桥梁在最终使用和疲劳极限状态下的活载分配系数；(Iii)在剪力槽中加入超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的极限和疲劳极限状态下组合螺栓的能力；(Iv)桥梁跨度内预制板与面板的连接，以实现强度和长期耐久性(即渗水)；(V)预制板与板之间的连接，在负弯矩区域采用玻璃纤维聚合物筋和超高性能混凝土，以增加组合梁在极限状态和疲劳极限状态下的强度；(Vi)对实际桥梁进行后续现场研究，以验证卡车荷载分布的有限元计算机模型，并观察实际现场条件下各系统组件的相互作用。 这项研究的目的是通过开发经过实验校准的、基于计算机的分析模型来准确预测其在施工顺序、卡车荷载历史和环境条件下的反应，从而为此类装配式桥梁的高效设计做出贡献。未来5年的拟议研究计划将促进与安大略省交通部的互动，该计划将提供安大略省建造的全深度、全宽度桥面面板的数据，并促进现场测试。从长远来看，这种装配式桥梁系统的设计将产生更可靠、更经济的表达式和方法，可能会被纳入加拿大公路桥设计规范。这项研究预计将导致一个更经济的预制桥梁设计过程，潜在地为桥梁所有者节省大量成本。现场数据和全尺寸试验结果将为桥梁设计者提供有意义的反馈，导致新一代维护最少的桥梁，详细说明固有的耐久性。

The use of prefabricated elements and systems in accelerating construction of new bridges and replacement of deteriorated ones has recently been the subject of much attention and interest amongst bridge jurisdictions. Prefabricated elements and systems can be quickly assembled and could reduce design efforts, reduce the impact on the environment in the vicinity of the site, and minimize the delays and lane closure time and inconvenience to the traveling public, saving time and tax payers’ money. One of these systems involve full-depth, full width, precast concrete deck slab placed transversally over steel or concrete girders where grout pockets are provided to accommodate clusters of shear connectors welded to steel girders or embedded in concrete girders. The Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code does not provide enough guidance or specifications for the economical design of such prefabricated bridge system in skew and right alignments. Literature review revealed a number of important unresolved analysis, design and performance issues which require detailed evaluation. These issues include: (i) the dead and live load distribution coefficients for non-composite bridges in skew alignment at construction stage during precast deck placement; (ii) live load distribution coefficients for composite bridges in skew alignment at ultimate serviceability and fatigue limit states; (iii) capacity of stud clusters at ultimate and fatigue limit states as opposed to single stud applications, incorporating ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in shear puckets; (iv) precast panel-to-panel connection within bridge span for strength and long-term durability (i.e. water leakage); (v) precast panel-to-panel connection, incorporating glass fibre polymer (GFRP) bars with headed ends and UHPC at the negative moment region to add to the strength of the composite girder at ultimate and fatigue limit states; (vi) follow-up field study on actual bridges to verify the finite-element computer modeling for truck load distribution and to observe interaction of the various system components under actual field conditions. The aim of this research is to contribute to the efficient design of such prefabricated bridges by developing experimentally calibrated, computer based, analytical models capable of predicting accurately their response due to sequence of construction, truck load history and environmental conditions. The proposed research program for the next 5 years fosters interaction with the Ontario Ministry of Transportation that will provide data on bridges built in Ontario with full-depth, full-width, deck panels and facilitate field testing. In the long term, more reliable and economical expressions and methodology for design of such prefabricated bridge system will be generated for possible inclusion in the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. This study is expected to result in a more economical prefabricated bridge design process, with potentially significant cost savings to bridge owners. Field data and full-scale experimental results will provide a meaningful feedback to bridge designers, leading to a new generation of minimal maintenance bridges, detailed for inherent durability.