Structural Design Issues of Accelerated Bridge Construction in Skew and Right Alignments

使用预制构件和系统来加快新桥梁的建设和更换损坏的桥梁，最近已经成为桥梁管辖区非常关注和感兴趣的主题。预制元件和系统可以快速组装，可以减少设计工作，减少对现场附近环境的影响，并最大限度地减少延误和车道关闭时间以及对旅行公众的不便，节省时间和纳税人的钱。其中一种系统涉及全深、全宽、预制混凝土桥面板，该桥面板横向放置在钢梁或混凝土梁上，并提供灌浆槽，以容纳焊接到钢梁或嵌入混凝土梁中的剪力连接件组。文献综述揭示了一些重要的未解决的分析，设计和性能问题，需要详细的评价。这些问题包括：（i）非组合式桥梁在施工阶段铺设预制桥面时的恒载和活载分布系数;（ii）组合式桥梁在极限状态和疲劳极限状态时的活载分布系数;（iii）动载裕量（影响因素），由于卡车移动的斜桥相比，正确的;（iv）横向预制板与板之间的连接，采用玻璃纤维聚合物钢筋，并在桥跨内加上头端，以加强强度和耐用性;以及（vi）在负弯矩区采用GFRP加固的预制横向板对板连接，以增加组合梁在极限和疲劳极限状态下的抗弯强度。本研究的目的是通过开发实验校准的、基于计算机的设计指南，帮助高效设计采用全深、全宽预制桥面板建造的桥梁，这些设计指南能够准确预测桥梁在承受不同荷载时的响应，从而为桥梁业主节省大量成本，并纳入CHBDC。现场数据和全尺寸实验结果将为桥梁设计师提供有意义的反馈，从而产生新一代最小维护桥梁，详细说明固有耐久性。

The use of prefabricated elements and systems in accelerating construction of new bridges and replacement of deteriorated ones has recently been the subject of much attention and interest amongst bridge jurisdictions. Prefabricated elements and systems can be quickly assembled and could reduce design efforts, reduce the impact on the environment in the vicinity of the site, and minimize the delays and lane closure time and inconvenience to the traveling public, saving time and tax payers money. One of these systems involve full-depth, full width, precast concrete deck slab placed transversally over steel or concrete girders where grout pockets are provided to accommodate clusters of shear connectors welded to steel girders or embedded in concrete girders. Literature review revealed a number of important unresolved analysis, design and performance issues which require detailed evaluation. These issues include: (i) the dead and live load distribution coefficients for non-composite bridges in skew alignment at construction stage during precast deck placement; (ii) live load distribution coefficients for composite bridges in skew alignment at ultimate and fatigue limit states; (iii) the dynamic load allowance (impact factor) due to trucks moving over a skew bridge as compared to a right one; (iv) transverse precast panel-to-panel connection incorporating glass fibre polymer (GFRP) bars with headed ends within bridge span for strength and durability; and (vi) GFRP-reinforced precast transverse panel-to-panel connection at the negative moment region to increase flexural strength of the composite girder at ultimate and fatigue limit states. The aim of this research is to contribute to the efficient design of bridges built with full-depth, full-width, precast deck panels by developing experimentally-calibrated, computer-based, design guidelines capable of predicting accurately their response when subjected to different loading , with potentially significant cost savings to bridge owners and inclusion in CHBDC. Field data and full-scale experimental results will provide a meaningful feedback to bridge designers, leading to a new generation of minimal maintenance bridges, detailed for inherent durability.