Écologie évolutive des grands mammifères dans un environnement variable - Evolutionary ecology of large mammals in a changing environment

àcologie évolutive des grands mammifères dans unenvironmental Variable - 大型哺乳动物在不断变化的环境中的进化生态学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05572
• 负责人: FestaBianchet, Marco
• 金额: $ 5.76万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=588490
• 关键词: cologie; volutive; des; grands; mammif

Individual heterogeneity interacts with resource abundance and other ecological variables to affect population growth and the evolution of reproductive strategies. Through long-term monitoring of marked wild mammals, my research quantifies individual variation in phenotype, genotype, reproductive success and survival, identifies natural and artificial sources of that variation and explores its effects on individual fitness, population dynamics and evolutionary ecology. Long-term monitoring of marked individuals can document how heterogeneity in age, body condition, size, genotype and other variables leads to different responses to selective pressures and influences population dynamics. Over the next 5 years I will address questions on life-history evolution, the interplay of genetic and phenotypic variability in affecting population dynamics, anthropogenic selection on harvested mammals, and the relative roles of environment and population structure in driving population dynamics. My program is entering a new exciting phase: in addition to bighorn sheep, I now have well-established research programs on kangaroos and chamois, and new collaborations to analyze long-term data on harvested ungulates. These new initiatives will answer important questions linking evolutionary ecology and population dynamics with wildlife management. My students and I will monitor survival, reproduction and size of marked bighorn sheep, Alpine chamois and eastern grey kangaroos. With additional long-term data on age and horn measurements of thousands of harvested individuals (Stone’s and bighorn sheep, chamois), I propose 4 interconnected research axes to explore the evolutionary, ontogenetic and environmental origins of individual variability, and its consequences for population and evolutionary ecology. Axis 1: Life-history evolution. Ph.D.1 explores the causes and consequences of variability in birthdate in kangaroos. Ph.D.2 will examine the determinants and fitness consequences of individual variability in age- and sex-specific growth, including potential compensatory growth, in kangaroos. Ph.D.3 will study maternal effects in bighorn. M.Sc.1 will analyze 8 years of data on over 200 marked chamois, combining information on spatial behavior and social interactions with a genetic analysis to determine the role of kinship in forming apparently stable social groups. Axis 2: Genetics and population dynamics. M.Sc.2 will build upon an experimental manipulation of population genetic structure and an increasingly deep pedigree to quantify the effects of genetic variability on population dynamics of bighorn sheep. Axis 3: Anthropogenic selection. Ph.D.4 will analyze multiple long-term data sets (20-40 years) to partition temporal changes in horn/antler size into those attributable to environmental and to anthropogenic factors. Axis 4: Population dynamics. Ph.D.5 will combine data on density, body size and age-sex structure with data on forage availability and weather conditions to fully understand the stochastic and density-dependent components of population dynamics in kangaroos. M.Sc.3 will combine new observations from proximity collars placed on mothers and newborn calves with a 40-year database on classified autumn counts of migrating caribou to explore the causes of variability in calf survival in two herds in northern Québec and Labrador. M.Sc.4 is examining the effects of weather on population dynamics of bighorn sheep. M.Sc.5 will compare the relative effects of population density and weather in population dynamics of Alpine chamois. My research takes place in study areas where the logistics of capturing, marking, measuring and monitoring large numbers of animals are well established and facilitated by government agencies.

个体异质性与资源丰富度和其他生态变量相互作用，影响种群增长和生殖策略的演变。通过对有标记野生哺乳动物的长期监测，我的研究量化了表型、基因型、繁殖成功和生存的个体变异，确定了这种变异的自然和人工来源，并探讨了其对个体适应性、种群动态和进化生态学的影响。对标记个体的长期监测可以记录年龄、身体状况、体型、基因型和其他变量的异质性如何导致对选择压力的不同反应并影响种群动态。在接下来的5年里，我将解决以下问题：生活史进化，遗传和表型变异在影响种群动态中的相互作用，对收获的哺乳动物的人为选择，以及环境和种群结构在驱动种群动态中的相对作用。我的项目正进入一个令人兴奋的新阶段：除了大角羊，我现在已经建立了关于袋鼠和羚羊的研究项目，以及新的合作项目，以分析收获的有蹄类动物的长期数据。这些新举措将回答将进化生态学和种群动态与野生动物管理联系起来的重要问题。我和我的学生将监测有标记的大角羊、高山羚羊和东部灰袋鼠的生存、繁殖和体型。通过对数千只收获的个体（斯通羊、大角羊、岩羚羊）的年龄和角的测量数据，我提出了4个相互关联的研究轴，以探索个体变异的进化、个体发生和环境起源，及其对种群和进化生态学的影响。轴1：生命史进化。博士研究了袋鼠出生日期变化的原因和后果。博士2将研究袋鼠年龄和性别特异性生长的个体差异的决定因素和适应性后果，包括潜在的补偿性生长。博士3将研究母性对大角兽的影响。M.Sc.1将分析超过200只有标记的岩羚羊8年来的数据，结合空间行为和社会互动的信息以及基因分析，以确定亲属关系在形成明显稳定的社会群体中的作用。轴2：遗传学和种群动态。msc .2将建立在种群遗传结构的实验操作和日益深入的谱系上，以量化遗传变异对大角羊种群动态的影响。轴3：人为选择。博士4将分析多个长期数据集（20-40年），将角/鹿角大小的时间变化划分为可归因于环境因素和人为因素的变化。轴4：人口动态。Ph.D.5将结合密度、体型和年龄性别结构的数据，以及饲料供应和天气条件的数据，全面了解袋鼠种群动态的随机性和密度依赖性成分。M.Sc.3将结合放置在母鹿和新生小牛身上的近距离项圈的新观察结果，以及40年来秋季迁徙驯鹿分类数量的数据库，以探索在魁姆塞克北部和拉布拉多两个鹿群中小牛存活率变化的原因。msc .4正在研究天气对大角羊种群动态的影响。M.Sc.5将比较种群密度和天气对高山岩羚羊种群动态的相对影响。我的研究是在政府机构已经建立并促进了大量动物捕获、标记、测量和监测的后勤工作的研究领域进行的。