Écologie évolutive des grands mammifères dans un environnement variable - Evolutionary ecology of large mammals in a changing environment

àcologie évolutive des grands mammifères dans unenvironmental Variable - 大型哺乳动物在不断变化的环境中的进化生态学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05572
• 负责人: FestaBianchet, Marco
• 金额: $ 5.76万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=650688
• 关键词: cologie; volutive; des; grands; mammif

Individual heterogeneity interacts with resource abundance and other ecological variables to affect population growth and the evolution of reproductive strategies. Through long-term monitoring of marked wild mammals, my research quantifies individual variation in phenotype, genotype, reproductive success and survival, identifies natural and artificial sources of that variation and explores its effects on individual fitness, population dynamics and evolutionary ecology. Long-term monitoring of marked individuals can document how heterogeneity in age, body condition, size, genotype and other variables leads to different responses to selective pressures and influences population dynamics. Over the next 5 years I will address questions on life-history evolution, the interplay of genetic and phenotypic variability in affecting population dynamics, anthropogenic selection on harvested mammals, and the relative roles of environment and population structure in driving population dynamics. My program is entering a new exciting phase: in addition to bighorn sheep, I now have well-established research programs on kangaroos and chamois, and new collaborations to analyze long-term data on harvested ungulates. These new initiatives will answer important questions linking evolutionary ecology and population dynamics with wildlife management. My students and I will monitor survival, reproduction and size of marked bighorn sheep, Alpine chamois and eastern grey kangaroos. With additional long-term data on age and horn measurements of thousands of harvested individuals (Stone's and bighorn sheep, chamois), I propose 4 interconnected research axes to explore the evolutionary, ontogenetic and environmental origins of individual variability, and its consequences for population and evolutionary ecology. Axis 1: Life-history evolution. Ph.D.1 explores the causes and consequences of variability in birthdate in kangaroos. Ph.D.2 will examine the determinants and fitness consequences of individual variability in age- and sex-specific growth, including potential compensatory growth, in kangaroos. Ph.D.3 will study maternal effects in bighorn. M.Sc.1 will analyze 8 years of data on over 200 marked chamois, combining information on spatial behavior and social interactions with a genetic analysis to determine the role of kinship in forming apparently stable social groups. Axis 2: Genetics and population dynamics. M.Sc.2 will build upon an experimental manipulation of population genetic structure and an increasingly deep pedigree to quantify the effects of genetic variability on population dynamics of bighorn sheep. Axis 3: Anthropogenic selection. Ph.D.4 will analyze multiple long-term data sets (20-40 years) to partition temporal changes in horn/antler size into those attributable to environmental and to anthropogenic factors. Axis 4: Population dynamics. Ph.D.5 will combine data on density, body size and age-sex structure with data on forage availability and weather conditions to fully understand the stochastic and density-dependent components of population dynamics in kangaroos. M.Sc.3 will combine new observations from proximity collars placed on mothers and newborn calves with a 40-year database on classified autumn counts of migrating caribou to explore the causes of variability in calf survival in two herds in northern Québec and Labrador. M.Sc.4 is examining the effects of weather on population dynamics of bighorn sheep. M.Sc.5 will compare the relative effects of population density and weather in population dynamics of Alpine chamois. My research takes place in study areas where the logistics of capturing, marking, measuring and monitoring large numbers of animals are well established and facilitated by government agencies.

个体异质性与资源丰度和其他生态变量相互作用，影响种群增长和生殖策略的演变。通过对标记的野生哺乳动物的长期监测，我的研究量化了表型，基因型，繁殖成功和生存的个体变异，确定了这种变异的自然和人工来源，并探讨了其对个体适应性，种群动态和进化生态学的影响。对标记个体的长期监测可以记录年龄、身体状况、大小、基因型和其他变量的异质性如何导致对选择压力的不同反应并影响种群动态。在接下来的5年里，我将解决生活史进化的问题，影响种群动态的遗传和表型变异的相互作用，对收获的哺乳动物的人为选择，以及环境和种群结构在驱动种群动态中的相对作用。我的计划正在进入一个新的令人兴奋的阶段：除了大角羊，我现在有完善的研究计划，对袋鼠和羚羊，和新的合作，分析长期数据收获有蹄类动物。这些新举措将回答将进化生态学和种群动态与野生动物管理联系起来的重要问题。我和我的学生将监测有标记的大角羊、高山羚羊和东部灰袋鼠的生存、繁殖和大小。随着额外的长期数据的年龄和角测量的数千个收获的个人（石头和大角羊，羚羊），我提出了4个相互关联的研究轴，探索进化，个体发育和环境的起源，个体变异，其后果人口和进化生态学。 轴1：生活史进化。博士1探讨了袋鼠出生日期变化的原因和后果。博士2将研究的决定因素和健身的后果，个体差异的年龄和性别特异性的增长，包括潜在的补偿性增长，在袋鼠。博士3将研究大角牛的母体效应。M.Sc.1将分析200多只有标记的岩羚羊8年的数据，将空间行为和社会互动的信息与遗传分析相结合，以确定亲属关系在形成明显稳定的社会群体中的作用。轴2：遗传学和人口动态。M.Sc.2将建立在一个实验操作的群体遗传结构和越来越深的系谱量化遗传变异对大角羊种群动态的影响。轴3：人为选择。博士4将分析多个长期数据集（20-40年），将角/鹿角大小的时间变化划分为环境和人为因素。 轴4：人口动态。博士5将结合联合收割机的密度，身体大小和年龄性别结构的数据与饲料供应和天气条件的数据，以充分了解人口动态的随机和密度依赖组件在袋鼠。M.Sc.3将结合联合收割机新的观察结果，从放置在母亲和新生小牛的近距离项圈与40年的数据库分类秋季迁徙驯鹿的数量，探讨变异的原因小牛存活在北方魁北克省和拉布拉多两个牛群。理学硕士4正在研究天气对大角羊种群动态的影响。理科硕士5将比较种群密度和气候对高山岩羚羊种群动态的相对影响。我的研究发生在研究领域，在这些研究领域，政府机构已经建立并促进了大量动物的捕获，标记，测量和监测。