Sea ice physical properties and their application to ocean-atmosphere interaction

长期存在的海洋-大气相互作用不能通过海冰发生的概念是无效的。我们现在知道，海冰为海洋与大气的交换，尤其是二氧化碳的交换，提供了一个不同程度的有效渠道。现在人们认为，海冰（取决于其温度）在形成或增长的过程中可能会产生二氧化碳，这些二氧化碳可能会被困在冰中，最终排放到深海中。这些相互作用受其液体和气体包裹体的形状、位置和连通性的调节，其内在性质受冰内垂直温度梯度的控制，也取决于海冰的类型和年龄。我们的目的是表征海冰中液体和气体包裹体的大小、形状、位置和连通性，以及它们从形成到融化的变化。这些结果对于确定在一个年度循环中有多少大气中的二氧化碳可能通过海冰过程或海冰过程被封存在极地海洋中至关重要。

The long-standing concept that ocean-atmosphere interaction cannot occur through sea ice is invalid. We now understand sea ice provides a variably effective conduit for ocean-atmosphere exchange, particularly for CO2. It is now thought that sea ice (depending on its temperature) may produce CO2 as it forms or grows, which may be trapped within the ice and eventually exported to the deep ocean. These interactions are modulated by the shape, location and connectivity of its liquid and gas inclusions, the intrinsic properties of which are controlled by a vertical temperature gradient within the ice and depend also on the sea ice type and age. We aim to characterize the size, shape, location and connectedness of liquid and gas inclusions in sea ice and changes therein from formation to melting. These results are imperative in determining how much atmospheric CO2 may be sequestered in polar oceans over an annual cycle both through, and as a result of, sea ice processes.