Neural mechanisms of perceiving dynamic real-world environments

人们被一个复杂的动态世界所包围，这个世界以众多的景象和声音为特征。例如，在树林里徒步旅行时，他们可能会看到前面灌木丛中勾勒出的小路，或者他们可能会发现一些鹿；他们可能会听到附近小溪的潺潺声或树梢在风中摇曳的声音。另一方面，从有轨电车上走到繁忙的城市街道上，人们可能会看到高楼大厦、人行道上的行人或街上的汽车；他们可能会听到远处的发动机噪音或警笛。特定的环境有助于塑造人们的行为，比如导航、躲避威胁、视觉搜索或记忆编码。

People are surrounded by a complex dynamic world characterized by a multitude of sights and sounds. When hiking in the woods, for instance, they may see the path outlined in the undergrowth ahead, or perhaps they may spot some deer; they may hear a stream purling nearby or the treetops swaying in the wind. Stepping out of a streetcar onto a busy city street, on the other hand, people may see tall buildings, pedestrians on the sidewalks or cars in the street; they may hear engine noises or a police siren in the distance. The particular environment contributes to shaping people’s behaviour for tasks such as navigation, threat avoidance, visual search or memory encoding.