Experimental Studies of Earth Materials at Extreme Pressure and Temperature Conditions of Planetary Interiors

行星内部极端压力和温度条件下地球材料的实验研究

• 批准号: 105604-2013
• 负责人: Secco, Richard
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=593239
• 关键词: Experimental; Studies; Earth; Materials; Extreme

How do planets work? Large scale processes deep in the interior of planets control much of what happens on the surface. For example, heat and mass flow within and from Earth's core through the mantle causes plate motions, earthquakes, and generates our life-protecting magnetic field. The cores of terrestrial-like planetary bodies, Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Jupiter's moons Io and Ganymede, are composed mainly of iron (Fe) with ~10-20wt% of other lighter elements such as sulfur (S) and/or silicon (Si). Our knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of core mimetic materials is central to improving our understanding of the integrated global processes of heat and mass flow inside these planetary bodies. My research focuses on high pressure (P), temperature (T) experimental studies of the physico-chemical properties of the materials deep in planetary interiors. We bring the inaccessible deep interior of planets into the lab by measuring properties of core and mantle materials under simultaneous extreme P (23GPa) and T (2300K) conditions in four large volume presses. My team will employ novel techniques developed in our lab to measure viscosity, electrical and thermal conductivity, density, and acoustic properties of core (Fe-S-Si) and mantle (serpentinite, olivine) materials. Our short term goals are to answer questions such as: Are Fe-S and Fe-Si in the core? What are the electrical and thermal conductivities of these binary systems? Does the solute affect these properties which are so important for core processes such as the geodynamo and conductive heat flow in terrestrial-like bodies? Can uranium dissolve in Fe and be a possible energy source in the core that helps drive Earth's heat engine? Are deep earthquakes triggered by mineral phase transitions? Answers to these questions on the micro-scale behaviour of planetary materials lead to a better understanding of the macro-scale processes that they control and help explain how planets work. The proposed work will involve 1 PDF, 8 PhD, 2 MSc and 2 BSc students, 1 research assistant and 7 technical personnel. My HQP will receive extensive training in experimental high P,T mineral physics which will prepare them for employment in academic, government and private sectors.

行星如何工作？大规模的过程深处在行星内部控制地表上发生的许多事情。例如，在地球核心内外的热量和质量流通过地幔引起板块运动，地震，并产生我们的生命保护磁场。地球，地球，汞，金星，火星和木星的月球IO和Ganymede的岩心主要由铁（Fe）组成，其其他较轻的元素的约10-20wt％，例如硫（S）和/OR/ORICON（SI）。我们对核心模拟材料的物理和化学特性的了解对于提高我们对这些行星体内热量和质量流动综合过程的理解至关重要。我的研究重点是高压（P），温度（T）对行星内部深处的材料物理化学特性的实验研究。我们通过在四个大容量压力机中测量同时极端P（23GPA）和T（2300K）条件下的核心和地幔材料的性质，将无法接近的行星深内部的深层内部带入实验室。我的团队将采用在我们的实验室中开发的新技术来测量核心（Fe-S-SI）和地幔（Serpentinite，Olivine）材料的粘度，电导和热导率，密度和声学性能。我们的短期目标是回答以下问题：核心是fe-s和fe-si吗？这些二元系统的电导率和热导电性是什么？溶质是否会影响这些对核心过程（例如地球样物体中的核心过程和导电热流动）如此重要的特性？铀可以在FE中溶解并成为有助于驱动地球热发动机的芯中的可能的能源吗？深震是由矿物相变触发的吗？关于行星材料的微尺度行为的这些问题的答案，可以更好地理解它们控制的宏观尺度过程，并有助于解释行星的工作方式。拟议的工作将涉及1 pdf，8博士学位，2名MSC和2名BSC学生，1名研究助理和7名技术人员。我的HQP将接受实验性高P，T矿物质物理学的广泛培训，这将使他们在学术，政府和私营部门就业做好准备。