Predicting Climate Change Impact on Physical Mass Transport in Lakes

虽然加拿大比大多数国家拥有更多的淡水，但由于气候变化和其他人类影响，我们可用水的数量和质量发生了变化，极大地影响了加拿大人的生活。对诸如循环和不可逆混合等输送过程的描述对于理解各种水质问题至关重要。例子包括捕获上游水库背后的营养物质，向支持浮游植物和渔业食物供应的光带提供营养物质，污水扩散，以及污染物（如大肠杆菌、贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫）进入饮用水供应入口的途径。此外，鉴于气候变化对湖泊影响的相关问题，现代湖泊学对冰盖下发生的过程存在知识空白。由于严酷的冬季条件、变幻莫测的冰面以及主要量的低幅度变率（通常接近仪器分辨率的极限），对冰覆盖期的环流和混合进行的研究很少。最近新观测方法的发展可以克服这些问题，并有助于深入了解冰覆盖湖泊的物理过程。

Although Canada has more fresh water than most nations, changes in the quantity and quality of our available water due to climate change and other human influences greatly affect Canadian life. A description of transport processes such as circulation and irreversible mixing is essential for an understanding of a variety of water quality issues. Examples include trapping of nutrients behind upstream reservoirs, nutrient supply to the photic zone supporting phytoplankton and fisheries food supply, effluent dispersal, and the path of contaminants (such as E. coli, Giardia and Cryptosporidium) to drinking water supply intakes. Furthermore, in view of the problems related to climate change impact on lakes, modern limnology is confronted with the knowledge gap on processes that occur under ice-cover. Circulation and mixing during the ice-covered period has been poorly investigated due to harsh winter conditions, treacherous ice surface, and low-magnitude variability of main quantities, which is often near the limits of instrument resolution. The recent development of new observational methods can overcome these problems and help to provide insight into physical processes in ice-covered lakes.