Novel Natural and Synthetic Organobromine Compounds in the Environment: Toxic or Therapeutic?

环境中新型天然和合成有机溴化合物：有毒还是有治疗作用？

• 批准号: 326415-2012
• 负责人: Giesy, John
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=595150
• 关键词: Novel; Natural; Synthetic; Organobromine; Compounds

Organobromine compounds can be natural or synthetic. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are of concern due to high production volume, widespread use, ubiquitous occurrence in the environment, and toxicity. Concentrations of hydroxylated and methoxylated PBDEs in aquatic ecosystems are often greater than those of PBDEs. Synthetic BRPs have also been produced and widely used as flame retardants. While PBDE formulations are being phased out, as many as 75 new classes of synthetic BFRs are being substituted. It is expected that these new compounds will begin to enter the environment. In addition to the known synthetic bromine (Br)-containing compounds in the environment, there are a number of unidentified organobromine (OBrs) in the environment. While EOBrs have been investigated in some environmental samples, few studies have determined the proportion of EOBr that can be identified and what proportion of EOBr is composed of natural products or synthetic compounds. Preliminary studies have shown that less than 1% of extractable organic Br compounds (EOBr) and total Br (TBr) in environmental samples could be identified. The proposed research will: 1) identify and quantify novel EOBrs in a range of marine and freshwater organisms; 2) use a mass balance (on Br) approach to determine what additional EOBrs might be present; An extraction and cleanup method for TBr, EOBr and five classes of identified EOBrs, based on molecular size and polarity has been developed and will be applied so that appropriate subsequent identification procedures can be applied and 3) use bioassays to determine the toxicity and potential beneficial effects of novel EOBrs will be subjected to a range of bioassays to determine: 1) their toxic mode of action and threshold for effects and 2) their potential as therapeutic agents. If compounds are determined to be too toxic, they will not be tested further for therapeutic properties.

有机溴化合物可以是天然的，也可以是合成的。多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）和多溴联苯（PBBs）等溴化阻燃剂因其产量大、使用广泛、在环境中普遍存在和毒性大而备受关注。水生生态系统中羟基化多溴二苯醚和甲氧基化多溴二苯醚的浓度往往大于多溴二苯醚。合成BRPs也已被生产出来，并广泛用作阻燃剂。虽然多溴二苯醚制剂正在逐步淘汰，但多达75种新型合成溴代阻燃剂正在被取代。预计这些新化合物将开始进入环境。环境中除了已知的含合成溴（Br）的化合物外，还有一些不明的有机溴（OBrs）。虽然已经在一些环境样品中对EOBr进行了研究，但很少有研究确定了可以识别的EOBr的比例，以及由天然产物或合成化合物组成的EOBr的比例。初步研究表明，环境样品中可提取的有机Br化合物（EOBr）和总Br （TBr）的可检出率不到1%。拟议的研究将：1)识别和量化一系列海洋和淡水生物中的新型eobr；2)使用质量平衡（Br）方法来确定可能存在哪些额外的eobr；基于分子大小和极性的TBr、EOBr和五类已识别的EOBr的提取和清理方法已经开发并将应用，以便适用适当的后续鉴定程序。3)使用生物测定来确定新型EOBr的毒性和潜在的有益作用。将进行一系列生物测定来确定：1)它们的毒性作用模式和作用阈值；2)它们作为治疗剂的潜力。如果确定化合物毒性太大，则不会进一步测试其治疗特性。