High-resolution river routing at large scales to analyze hydrographic patterns, risks and trends of Canadian and global freshwater resources

大尺度高分辨率河流路线分析，用于分析加拿大和全球淡水资源的水文模式、风险和趋势

• 批准号: 341992-2013
• 负责人: Lehner, Bernhard
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=595546
• 关键词: resolution; river; routing; large; scales

My research program aims to enhance large-scale hydrological modeling schemes in order to analyze current geographic patterns and future trends of global and Canadian freshwater resources. My overarching research questions are: Why and where are freshwater resources at risk due to global environmental change, and how can we mitigate the anticipated effects? My scientific approach consists of three parts. First, I develop new and improved datasets of global hydrography (i.e. maps and databases of watersheds, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, dams, wetlands, waterfalls, urban water use, etc.) at unprecedented quality and resolution. To achieve this, I utilize and blend state-of-the-art methodologies from Geographic Information Science and Remote Sensing to derive scientifically rigorous and reliable data. Second, I enhance, modify, and adapt existing large-scale hydrological model concepts to create a new modeling framework. A cornerstone of these developments is the migration from a raster-based approach (as currently implemented in most global hydrological models) to a vector-based river routing scheme. And third, I apply the improved data and modeling framework to assess various cutting-edge hydrological, ecological or freshwater resources questions. My current efforts and mid-term plans include: river habitat classifications; strategic planning for integrated river basin management and large-scale reservoir operation; assessments of the effects of agricultural land use practices, urban water use, and climate change on downstream water quality and quantity; as well as new approaches in conservation hydrology and environmental flow assessments. In terms of novelty and significance, the combination of seamless data and new modeling techniques will allow for first-time studies at pan-Canadian and global extents at spatial and temporal resolutions that have previously been unachievable. My research program will also help to eliminate some of the most common data restrictions for large-scale hydrological modeling; e.g. several of my data products have already been integrated successfully in a variety of global and Canadian climate, land use and water resources models.

我的研究计划旨在加强大规模水文建模方案，以分析当前的地理格局和未来趋势的全球和加拿大淡水资源。我的主要研究问题是：淡水资源为什么和在哪里由于全球环境变化而面临风险，我们如何减轻预期的影响？我的科学方法由三部分组成。首先，我以前所未有的质量和分辨率开发了新的和改进的全球水文数据集（即流域、河流、湖泊、水库、水坝、湿地、瀑布、城市用水等的地图和数据库）。为了实现这一目标，我利用并融合了地理信息科学和遥感的最新方法，以获得科学严谨和可靠的数据。其次，对现有大尺度水文模型概念进行增强、修改和调整，构建新的建模框架。这些发展的基石是从基于栅格的方法（目前在大多数全球水文模型中实施）向基于矢量的河流路线方案的迁移。第三，我应用改进的数据和建模框架来评估各种前沿的水文、生态或淡水资源问题。我目前的工作和中期计划包括：河流生境分类；流域综合治理与水库大规模调度战略规划评估农业土地利用方式、城市用水和气候变化对下游水质和水量的影响；以及保护水文和环境流量评估的新方法。就新颖性和重要性而言，无缝数据和新建模技术的结合将允许在泛加拿大和全球范围内以以前无法实现的空间和时间分辨率进行首次研究。我的研究计划还将有助于消除大规模水文建模中一些最常见的数据限制；例如，我的一些数据产品已经成功地集成到各种全球和加拿大的气候、土地利用和水资源模型中。