Towards environmentally friendly processes in materials and energy technologies probed by beta decayed spin spectroscopy and other physical methods

通过β衰变自旋光谱和其他物理方法探索材料和能源技术的环保过程

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04194
• 负责人: Ghandi, Khashayar
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: Mount Allison University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=610887
• 关键词: Towards; environmentally; friendly; processes; materials

The ultimate goal of this research is to initiate sustainable free radical and radiation-induced processes to develop novel materials with potential applications in technology. The different stages of this research are: 1) microscopic studies with particle-accelerator-based and computational methods; 2) “wet lab” work at Mt. Allison, optimized using our microscopic understanding gained by spectroscopic and theoretical analysis from 1; 3) characterization of the products of the wet lab syntheses with a variety of physical methods, including particle-accelerator based methods if need be (e.g. studies of magnetic or electronic structure properties of the material). This cycle calls for multifaceted research that will be performed with following foci: 1) free radical and radiation chemistry in green solvents; 2) using sustainable feedstock or waste products of industries or nature to develop value-added materials by free radical and radiation chemistry; and 3) studying the energy efficiency of such processes with or without external fields. We will minimize the impact of our free radical methods on the environment by finding the most energy-efficient, environmentally friendly solvents. We will experiment with the effects of temperature, pressure, and external fields (such as lasers or microwave (MW)) on free radical reactions to find the most efficient methodology, and to understand the effects of such external fields on the mechanism of free radical reactions. The novel materials that we plan to make will be: 1) material from free radical reactions in protic ionic liquids dissolved CO2 We have expertise in ionic liquids (ILs), supercritical CO2, high temperature chemistry and reactive free radicals. Therefore a natural extension of our previous studies is to dissolve CO2 in thermally stable ILs then perform free radical reactions on the system. We will focus on modifying our recently synthesized thermally stable protic ILs, but with modified anions (anions with fluorine substitutions have good miscibility with CO2) to polarize CO2, use high temperatures, and free radical precursors to transform CO2 by free radical reactions to commodity chemicals. These may have potential applications in batteries, fuel cells, components of monomers for ionic polymers for batteries or fuel cells or other applications. 2) Novel nanocomposites based on free radical reactions on the surface of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. We hope to understand these systems, since free radicals are intermediates in many catalytic processes and for making polymer nanocomposites. The benefits of these studies will include understanding how to: control or generate new structures on the surface of nanoparticles, tune the electronic and magnetic properties on the surface of nanoparticles, and evaluate the effects of nanoparticles on radiation chemistry. 3) Novel materials based on free radical reactions with enol forms of acids from either biomass or waste products. We will do free radical reactions (e.g. bromination and polymerization) on enol type forms of material in biomass or intermediates in the process of biomass conversion to fuel. The impacts of our studies are the following: 1) The in situ studies of the effects of MW on free radical reactions have never been done before and we will open the field by our studies. This will help to solve the controversies regarding non thermal effects of MW. 2) Opening the field of in situ free radical transformation of enols in equilibrium with ketones to transform acids (or any compound with C=O or C=N group) from biomass to valuable material. 3) For the first time probing the electronic structures and reactivity of reactive free radicals on the surface of nanoparticles.

这项研究的最终目的是启动可持续的自由基和放射诱导的过程，以开发具有潜在技术应用的新型材料。这项研究的不同阶段是： 1）基于粒子加速器和计算方法的微观研究； 2）艾莉森山的“湿实验室”工作，使用我们的微观理解优化了通过光谱和1的理论分析获得的微观理解； 3）用多种物理方法表征湿实验室合成的产物，包括基于粒子加速器的方法（例如，研究材料的磁或电子结构特性的研究）。 这个周期需要进行多方面的研究，并以下焦点进行： 1）绿色溶液中的自由基和辐射化学； 2）使用可持续的原料或自然界的产物或自然的废物通过自由基和辐射化学来开发增值材料；和 3）研究有或没有外部场的此类过程的能源效率。 我们将通过找到最节能，环保的解决方案来最大程度地减少自由基方法对环境的影响。我们将试验温度，压力和外部场（例如激光或微波（MW））对自由基反应的影响，以找到最有效的方法，并了解此类外部磁场对自由基反应机制的影响。 我们计划制作的新型材料将是： 1）来自原子离子液体中自由基反应的材料溶解CO2 我们在离子液体（ILS），超临界二氧化碳，高温化学和反应性自由基方面具有专业知识。因此，我们先前研究的自然扩展是将CO2溶解在热稳定的IL中，然后在系统上进行自由基反应。我们将专注于修改我们最近合成的热稳定的蛋白质IL，但是经过修改的阴离子（带有氟取代的阴离子具有良好的CO2的宽松性），以极化CO2，使用高温和自由基的前列体来通过对商品化学物质的自由基反应来转化CO2。 这些可能在电池或燃料电池或其他应用的离子聚合物的电池，燃料电池，单体的组件中具有潜在的应用。 2）基于金属或金属氧化物纳米颗粒表面的自由基反应的新型纳米复合材料。我们希望理解这些系统，因为自由基在许多催化过程中是中间体，用于制造聚合物纳米复合材料。 这些研究的好处将包括了解：控制或生成纳米颗粒表面上的新结构，调整纳米颗粒表面上的电子和磁性，并评估纳米颗粒对辐射化学的影响。 3）基于生物量或废物产物的烯醇形式的自由基反应的新型材料。在生物质转化为燃料的过程中，我们将对生物质或中间体中的烯醇类型的材料形式进行自由基反应（例如溴化和聚合）。 我们的研究的影响是：1）以前从未做过MW对自由基反应的影响的原位研究，我们将通过研究开放该领域。这将有助于解决有关MW非热效应的争议。 2）打开与酮平衡的原位自由基转化的场，以使酸（或C = O或C = N组的任何化合物）从生物量转化为有价值的材料。 3）首次探测纳米颗粒表面反应性自由基的电子结构和反应性。