Intermediates and interfaces in materials and energy technologies probed by beta decayed spin spectroscopy and other physical methods

通过β衰变自旋光谱和其他物理方法探测材料和能源技术中的中间体和界面

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06002
• 负责人: Ghandi, Khashayar
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=683136
• 关键词: Intermediates; interfaces; materials; energy; technologies

An understanding of radiation-induced processes (radiolysis) relevant to environmentally friendly health- and energy-related applications is important for the further development of these applications and for the development of new applications. Certain radiolysis processes in ionic liquids and supercritical fluids under hydrothermal conditions and at the interfaces are not understood. Although nanomaterials have been proposed as radiosensitizers in radiobiology, the ionizing radiation chemistry at the interface of liquids and nano- or microstructures is poorly understood. The NSERC Discovery Grant will help my group fill knowledge gaps in our understanding of such fluids and interfaces over the next five years. We will use state-of-the-art pump probe methods and transient beta-decay-based spectroscopy techniques, along with a new analytical chemistry technique we are developing based on Cherenkov radiation, to probe reactive intermediates and the chemical environment under irradiation and under a wide range of thermodynamic conditions, from extremely cold to high temperature and pressure conditions. We have developed many state-of-the-art setups to interface the particle beams required for our studies, and we will continue to develop more for the proposed studies in this research program. Radiation effects at the interface of water and solid material are important for radiobiology. It is also important to understand the radiation effects in the coolants of a reactor in the presence of corrosion products, as well as in environments relevant to nuclear waste storage. All of these require a thorough understanding of the radiation effects at the interface of different materials using fast time resolved methods. We will provide experimental data and tools to facilitate this understanding. A reliable set of experimental data that can be used to develop descriptions of the chemical nature of radiation, both during highly nonhomogeneous spatial non-equilibrium stages and later during homogenous stages of energy deposition by radiation, is critical. We will provide information for a wide range of reactive species created on the sub-picosecond time scale to the microsecond time scale. Such reactive species are involved as precursors of wanted and unwanted reactions not only in radiobiology and nuclear applications but also in green chemistry applications. Our results are critical as inputs for complex simulations conducted by groups that are working to create reliable predictive models for radiation processes. Our research program is challenging because it requires multifaceted investigations. It includes developing new spectroscopic and analytical methods to probe simultaneous harsh radiation and thermodynamic conditions in situ, using exotic spectroscopic techniques, using ultrafast techniques in the condensed phase, investigating species that are very short-lived, and continually developing target vessels for very different experimental conditions.

了解与环保健康和能源相关的应用相关的辐射引起的过程（辐射）对于进一步开发这些应用以及新应用的开发至关重要。在水热条件下和界面处的离子液体和超临界流体中的某些辐射分解过程尚不清楚。尽管已经提出了纳米材料作为放射生物学中的放射敏剂，但对液体和纳米或微观结构的界面处的电离辐射化学的了解很少。 NSERC Discovery Grant将帮助我的小组在未来五年内对此类流体和接口的理解填补知识空白。我们将使用最先进的泵探针方法和瞬态β-赛光谱技术，以及我们基于Cherenkov辐射开发的新的分析化学技术，以探测辐射下的反应性中间体和化学环境，以及从极其冷的热力学条件下，从极冷的温度和高温和压力条件下。我们已经开发了许多最先进的设置来接口我们的研究所需的粒子光束，我们将继续为本研究计划中的拟议研究开发更多。水和固体材料界面的辐射效应对于放射生物学很重要。在存在腐蚀产物以及与核废物储存相关的环境中，理解反应堆冷却剂的辐射效果也很重要。所有这些都需要使用快速分解的方法对不同材料界面处的辐射效应进行透彻了解。我们将提供实验数据和工具来促进这种理解。一组可靠的实验数据，可用于在高度非均匀的空间非平衡阶段以及后来在通过辐射的能量沉积阶段期间，在高度非均匀的空间非平衡阶段进行辐射的化学性质描述，这都是至关重要的。我们将提供有关在微秒时间尺度上以次秒时间尺度产生的各种反应性物种的信息。这种反应性物种不仅是放射生物学和核应用中的通缉和不良反应的前体，而且还参与了绿色化学应用中。我们的结果至关重要，因为由旨在为辐射过程创建可靠的预测模型的组进行的复杂模拟的输入至关重要。我们的研究计划具有挑战性，因为它需要进行多方面的调查。它包括开发新的光谱和分析方法，使用异国情调的光谱技术同时探测苛刻的辐射和热力学条件，并使用凝聚相中的超快技术进行了非常短暂的物种，这些物种非常短暂，并且在非常不同的实验条件下持续开发目标索es。