Development of Novel Computer-aided Diagnosis Systems

新型计算机辅助诊断系统的开发

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05215
• 负责人: Mandal, Mrinal
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=611504
• 关键词: Development; Novel; Computer; aided; Diagnosis

A phenomenal growth in the use of digital images has been observed in recent times in medical diagnosis by physicians. Picture archiving and communications system (PACS) are being widely used in health care as it offers several advantages such as low cost, improved quality, and flexibility in sharing patient data among the health care professionals. It also opens up the possibility of using computers to speed up diagnosis and reduce subjectiveness. The computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system are already being used for breast cancer screening in many countries, and is expected to be extended for diagnosis of many other kinds of diseases. The image analysis techniques play a key role in developing a CAD system. However, the characteristics of images vary significantly across different modalities (e.g., X-ray, CT, MRI, histopathology), tissue/organ types, and diseases. It is a huge challenge to develop image analysis techniques for such a wide variety of images. In this proposal, we propose to carry on research in two areas: Computer aided diagnosis of Skin Cancer and Tuberculosis (TB). The skin cancer, especially Melanoma, and drug-resistant TB ared deadly diseases with high mortality rate. Early screening of these diseases through computer-aided diagnosis would be very useful in health care. In skin cancer, the proposed research will explore development of histopathological image analysis techniques to improve the diagnosis of Melanoma and Basal cell (the most frequent type of skin cancer) cancer. Techniques would be developed for analyzing both epidermis and dermis areas in a histopathological image. Techniques will also be developed for detecting clusters of nuclei, which are observed in the junction of epidermis and dermis area. Due to the noisy nature of the images, the performance of existing mitosis detection technique is low, and we would explore developing a robust mitosis detection technique based on the sparse representation and classification technique. Appropriate techniques for 3D whole slide histopathological image reconstruction and visualization will be developed to enable the pathologist to see a slide in 3D. In TB diagnosis, robust techniques would be developed for more accurate diagnosis. In addition to cavity, and acinar shadows, the "volume loss" is a hallmark of TB as a result of its destructive and fibrotic nature. The Hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy are good indicators of HIV-related TB, and primary TB. Techniques will be developed to detect these indicators, and reduce the false positive rate of typical primary and postprimary TB. Experiments will be conducted with larger databases and with a wider variety of images such as images with acinar shadows, atypical or normal radiographs without acinar shadows, and radiographs with nodules but without acinar shadows. The proposed research will establish a detailed understanding of several important issues related to computer-aided diagnosis of skin cancer, and TB. To our knowledge, we are the first group working on developing a computer-aided diagnosis system for melanoma. We are also one of very few groups who are working on development of efficient computer-aided diagnosis system for TB. A successful development is expected to reduce the diagnosis time and error, and will result in intellectual property.

近年来，在医生的医学诊断中，数字图像的使用有了显著的增长。图片存档和通信系统（PACS）在医疗保健中得到广泛应用，因为它具有成本低、质量高和在医疗保健专业人员之间共享患者数据的灵活性等优点。它还开启了使用计算机加速诊断和减少主观性的可能性。计算机辅助诊断（CAD）系统已经在许多国家用于乳腺癌筛查，预计将扩展到许多其他类型疾病的诊断。图像分析技术在开发CAD系统中起着关键作用。然而，不同形态（如x射线、CT、MRI、组织病理学）、组织/器官类型和疾病的图像特征差异很大。为如此广泛的图像开发图像分析技术是一个巨大的挑战。