Seismic and Blast Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings

钢筋混凝土和砌体建筑的抗震和爆破改造

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05845
• 负责人: Saatcioglu, Murat
• 金额: $ 4.15万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=611880
• 关键词: Seismic; Blast; Retrofit; Reinforced; Concrete

The performance of physical infrastructure during recent earthquakes has clearly demonstrated that a large segment of existing building inventory is vulnerable to seismic excitations. Buildings designed prior to the enactment of modern seismic design guidelines of 1970's, as well as those built more recently without the appropriate seismic design and detailing practices pose particularly high seismic risk. It is economically not feasible and practical to replace these deficient buildings with new and improved structures. Therefore, seismic retrofitting (rehabilitation and strengthening) remains to be an effective and viable seismic risk mitigation strategy for civil engineering infrastructure. In addition to the seismic risk, critical infrastructure is vulnerable against accidental or maliciously intended deliberate explosions. Blast-resistant design is not common in Canada. The National Building Code of Canada does not require explicit blast-resistant design of buildings. Therefore, existing buildings and other physical assets are vulnerable to blast threats, especially if the charge weight is high (as in the case of car and truck bombs) and the proximity of explosions to buildings (standoff distance) is close. The objective of the proposed research program is to develop new and innovative seismic and blast retrofit methodologies for structurally deficient concrete and masonry buildings. The emphasis is placed on the development of cost effective and structurally sound retrofit techniques. The proposed research will be conducted by following two phases; Phase I research will consist of the development of seismic retrofit strategies. Innovative bracing systems will be developed for non-ductile reinforced concrete frames, either in the form of diagonal prestressing or buckling restrained braces. Surface bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) systems with ductile steel sheet anchors will be developed for non-ductile concrete shear walls and unreinforced masonry walls (load bearing and non-load bearing). Phase II will include development of blast retrofit methodologies for tilt-up construction and unreinforced masonry walls. The use of polyurea with or without welded reinforcement fabric will be considered for the latter application. Combined experimental and analytical research will be conducted. Large scale frames and walls will be tested under simulated seismic loading at the Structures Laboratory, and large-scale concrete and masonry walls will be tested under simulated blast loads at the Blast Research Laboratory of the University of Ottawa. The experimental research will be complemented by dynamic inelastic analysis of buildings and building components. Fragility curves for seismic risk mitigation, and pressure-impulse curves for blast performance assessment will be generated.

在最近的地震中，有形基础设施的表现清楚地表明，现有建筑物中有很大一部分容易受到地震的影响。在20世纪70年代颁布现代抗震设计准则之前设计的建筑物，以及最近建造的没有适当的抗震设计和详细设计实践的建筑物，会造成特别高的地震风险。以新的和改善的结构取代这些有缺陷的建筑物在经济上是不可行和不切实际的。因此，抗震改造（恢复和加固）仍然是土木工程基础设施的有效可行的地震风险缓解策略。除了地震风险外，关键基础设施还容易受到意外或恶意蓄意爆炸的影响。抗爆设计在加拿大并不常见。《加拿大国家建筑规范》没有明确要求建筑物的防爆设计。因此，现有建筑物和其他有形资产容易受到爆炸威胁，特别是如果装药重量很高（如汽车和卡车炸弹），爆炸距离建筑物很近（间隔距离）。 拟议的研究计划的目标是开发新的和创新的抗震和爆破改造方法，结构缺陷的混凝土和砌体建筑。重点放在开发具有成本效益和结构合理的改造技术上。拟议的研究将分以下两个阶段进行：第一阶段的研究将包括抗震改造战略的发展。创新的支撑系统将被开发用于非延性钢筋混凝土框架，无论是对角预应力还是屈曲约束支撑。将为非延性混凝土剪力墙和无筋砌体墙（承重和非承重）开发带有延性钢板锚固件的表面粘结纤维增强聚合物（FRP）系统。第二阶段将包括为上倾式建筑和无钢筋砌体墙开发爆破改造方法。对于后一种应用，将考虑使用带或不带焊接增强织物的聚脲。将进行实验和分析相结合的研究。大型框架和墙体将在结构实验室模拟地震荷载下进行测试，大型混凝土和砌体墙将在渥太华大学爆炸研究实验室模拟爆炸荷载下进行测试。实验研究将通过建筑物和建筑构件的动态非弹性分析来补充。将生成用于减轻地震风险的脆性曲线和用于爆破性能评估的压力-脉冲曲线。