Spacetime Curvature and Quantum Information

空间、时间和量子信息之间是什么关系？这个提议旨在回答这个问题，将黑洞、参照系、热力学、暗物质、聚合物、全息术、量子信息、量子电动力学中的腔/电路实验和量子基础等多种多样的奇异现象结合在一起。 问题的一方与黑洞有关，根据天文学的证据，黑洞的存在几乎是板上钉钉的。黑洞似乎是信息的终极储存库，它完全吸收信息，但以一种违反量子物理基本原理的方式发出热辐射，将信息“擦除”。为了解决这一矛盾，并了解量子效应如何影响时空，我们必须了解黑洞的热力学行为。我将开创一种新的方法来解决这个问题，我称之为“黑洞化学”，基于我最近的研究表明，真空能量可以导致黑洞的行为类似于化学系统，具有液体/气体类型的相变，三重点，等等。“黑洞化学”可能会颠覆我们对引力热力学的标准概念，特别是关于弦理论中出现的关于全息术的想法。我将继续研究黑洞化学对早期宇宙宇宙学的影响，提出的引力和凝聚态物质系统之间的双重关系，以及可能出现的新现象，如转变为新的玻璃相，以及4个不同的黑洞相合并为“四重临界点”。 问题的另一面是相对论效应如何影响量子信息任务。被称为相对论量子信息(RQI)的这个新领域在过去10年里已经从研究基础问题发展到可以考虑实际实验的程度。我建议使用我的团队在过去5年中开发的方法，将RQI提升到与实验真正对抗的下一个水平。将提出、建设和完善各种类别的实验。其中一门课将使用空腔和电路作为模拟工具，探索加速探测器实际上是如何变热的(一种长期存在的预测，称为Unruh效应)。另一门课将利用量子控制的新技术来研究光的引力减速的量子版本，这是RQI首次在引力环境下与实验对峙。第三类实验将考虑RQI的应用，例如非摧毁光子测量，量子地震仪，利用腔收集纠缠，以及计量学的各个方面。 这项研究的范围从最大的物理尺度到最小的物理尺度，从抽象的数学问题到实验室的应用研究。它的结果将为我们提供对引力和量子的新理解。

What is the relationship between space, time, and quantum information? This proposal is designed to answer this question, bringing together phenomena as varied and exotic as black holes, reference frames, thermodynamics, dark matter, polymers, holography, quantum information, cavity/circuit experiments in Quantum Electrodynamics, and quantum foundations. One side of the question concerns Black Holes, whose existence is all but guaranteed based on evidence from astronomy.  Black holes appear to be the ultimate repositories of information, fully absorbing it but radiating thermally in a manner that "erases" the information, violating basic principles of quantum physics. To resolve this contradiction and understand how quantum effects influence spacetime, we must understand how black holes behave thermodynamically. I will pioneer a new approach to this problem I call “Black Hole Chemistry”, based on my recent work showing that vacuum energy can cause black holes to behave like chemical systems, with liquid/gas-type phase transitions, triple points, and more. "Black hole chemistry" will likely overturn our standard notions of gravitational thermodynamics, particularly with regards to the ideas about holography that emerge from string theory. I will forge ahead to examine the implications of black hole chemistry for early-universe cosmology, the proposed dual relationship between gravity and condensed-matter systems, and the appearance of possible new phenomena such as transitions into a new glass phase and the merging of 4 distinct black hole phases into a “quadruple critical point”. The other side of the question is how relativistic effects influence quantum information tasks. Known as Relativistic Quantum Information (RQI) this new field has in the past 10 years developed from a study of foundational questions to a point where actual experiments can be contemplated. I propose to advance RQI to the next level of genuine confrontation with experiment, using methods my group has developed in the past 5 years. Various classes of experiments will be proposed, constructed, and refined. One class will probe how accelerating detectors actually get hot (a long-standing prediction called the Unruh effect), using cavities and circuits as simulation tools. Another class will exploit the new technique of Quantum Control to study a quantum version of the gravitational slowdown of light, the first confrontation of RQI with experiment in a gravitational setting. A third class of experiments will consider applications of RQI, such as non-demolition photon measurements, a quantum seismograph, harvesting entanglement using cavities, and various aspects of metrology. The scope of this research ranges from the largest physical scales to the smallest, and from abstract mathematical questions to applied research in the lab.  Its results will provide us with a new understanding of gravity and the quantum.