Relativistic Quantum Information and Technologies

在过去的十年中，出现了一个高研究强度的新领域，即相对论量子信息（RQI）领域。RQI将信息理论与现代物理学的两大支柱：广义相对论和量子理论结合在一起。RQI领域的成果从对自然规律（例如黑洞物理学和宇宙学）的新见解一直到量子计算和量子安全通信的具体应用。特别是量子信息处理中的相对论效应的研究最近由于理论和技术的改进而变得更加重要：量子光学，超导电路和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的实验现在可以探测相对论对量子信息的影响。在数百公里范围内传播纠缠的协议现在已经达到了相对论效应变得重要的程度，正在开发的卫星实验将测量引力对量子纠缠的影响。 该提案解决了RQI领域的一些关键理论和应用问题：在量子信息技术（如量子密码学或量子计算）中，哪些相对论设置比非相对论设置更有优势？量子场的涨落能提供一个实用的、可持续的量子纠缠受控源吗？我们能在超导电路或量子光学环境中使用量子模拟器来模拟早期宇宙物理吗？信息论能帮助我们找到量子引力理论吗？ PI提出的研究分为三个主要方面。第一个流是关于将相对论效应纳入量子信息处理，以利用新的纠缠资源，构建新的协议，并优化量子信息任务的性能。第二个方向是应用来自量子信息的工具来获取关于时空结构和引力与物质相互作用的知识。第三个流是关于提出实验设置，其中相对论量子效应可以用于实际目的，例如，改进计量技术，以提高我们目前在量子光学，测温，引力波探测和地震学中传感器的准确性。它也将涉及相对论量子现象的量子模拟器的设计。

Over the past decade, a new field of high research intensity has emerged, the field of Relativistic Quantum Information (RQI). RQI brings together information theory with the two pillars of modern physics: General relativity and quantum theory. The results in the field of RQI range from new insights into the laws of Nature (e.g. black hole physics and cosmology) all the way to concrete applications in quantum computing and quantum-secured communication. In particular, the study of relativistic effects in quantum information processing has recently become more important due to improvements both in theory and in technology: Experiments in quantum optics, superconducting circuits and Bose-Einstein condensates can now probe relativistic influences on quantum information. Protocols that distribute entanglement over hundreds of kilometers are now reaching regimes where relativistic effects are becoming important, and satellite experiments are being developed that will measure gravitational effects on quantum entanglement. This proposal addresses some of the key theoretical and applied questions in the field of RQI: Which relativistic settings have an advantage over non-relativistic ones in quantum information technologies such as quantum cryptography or quantum computing? Can the fluctuations of a quantum field provide a practical and replenishable controlled source of quantum entanglement? Can we use quantum simulators in superconducting circuits or quantum optical settings to model early universe physics? Can information theory help us find a theory of quantum gravity? The PI’s proposed research is organized in three major streams. The first stream is concerned with the incorporation of relativistic effects to quantum information processing in order to harness new resources of entanglement, to construct new protocols and to optimize the performance of quantum information tasks. The second stream concerns the application of tools coming from quantum information to garner knowledge about the structure of spacetime and the interaction of gravity with matter. The third stream is concerned with proposing experimental setups where relativistic quantum effects can be harnessed for practical purposes, for instance, to refine metrology techniques in order to increase the accuracy of our current sensors in quantum optics, thermometry, gravitational wave detection and seismology. It will also be concerned with the design of quantum simulators of relativistic quantum phenomena.