Multiphase processing for new materials

新材料的多相加工

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05742
• 负责人: Fradette, Louis
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=613724
• 关键词: Multiphase; processing; new; materials

Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 have increased every year since the 1830’s. With 25 Gt in 2007, it could reach an estimated 35 Gt within 15 years. This production represents an excess of one fourth the Earth’s natural capacity to maintain its CO2 concentration constant and explains the increase in its atmospheric concentration from 270 to 400 ppm (2013) over the last 175 years. During the last decade, China commissioned a 500MW coal-fired power plant every week or so. Electricity production accounts for one third of fuel burning emissions (International Energy Agency, 2011). This trend should not be modified over the next decades augmenting the need for innovative, efficient, and economical CO2 capture. Ernie Moniz from USA said today that coal is going to be part of the American’s energy mix for many decades. Industrialized countries must look for the development of economical solutions to capture CO2 because the development pressure is so for the developing countries that there will be no reason for them to adopt such processes other than an economical advantage. In the refining and petrochemical industries, CO2 capture has been a fact for many years with well known and understood technologies. However, these technologies were developed with intrinsic limitations. Gas hydrates are a class of solids in which gas molecules occupy cages made up of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. If gas hydrates are seen as calamities in the natural gas processing industry, they have seldom been seen as a product and even less as a flue gas treatment option. A number of small gas molecules can form hydrates at pressures as low as 10 bars and temperature between 0 and 10oC. In the Canadian context, these temperatures are easily achieved with heat pumping and without. The formation and decomposition of gas hydrates are first order phase transitions with an associated enthalpy of transition, and offer an innovative opportunity for gas separation. The proposed research program has multiphase hydrodynamics in its core, the domain of expertise of the applicant with over 40 publications in that field over the last 6 years. The proposed program includes in-depth studies on the generation of CO2 hydrates from industrial gases mixtures with the aim of better explaining the underlying transport phenomena using the published thermodynamic literature ruling their production and destruction as well as making use of the thermodynamics modifiers present in the literature. The research will mainly rely on experimental investigations involving high-end batch and continuous mixing technologies to determine the effects of gas composition, the effect of the process thermodynamics and processing conditions on the generation and destruction of the hydrates. In this program, the applicant’s experience with mixing processes as well as his knowledge on modeling multiphase hydrodynamics constitutes a natural extension of his work.

自1830年代以来，二氧化碳的人为排放每年都有增加。 2007年有25 GT，它可以在15年内达到35 GT。该产量代表了地球自然能力保持其二氧化碳浓度常数的四分之一，并解释了过去175年中其大气浓度从270 ppm（2013）的增加。在过去的十年中，中国每周左右委托一家500兆瓦的燃煤电厂。电力生产占燃料燃烧排放的三分之一（国际能源局，2011年）。在接下来的几十年中，不应改变这种趋势，以增加对创新，高效和经济的二氧化碳捕获的需求。来自美国的厄尼·莫尼兹（Ernie Moniz）今天说，煤炭将成为美国能源组合的一部分数十年。工业化国家必须寻求经济解决方案来捕获二氧化碳的发展，因为对于发展中国家来说，发展压力是如此，以至于他们没有理由采用除经济优势以外的其他过程。 在炼油和石化行业中，二氧化碳捕获一直是多年来知名且知名的技术的事实。但是，这些技术是具有内在局限性的。气体水合物是一类固体，其中气体分子占据由氢键水分子组成的笼子。如果天然气加工行业中的气体水合物被视为灾难，那么它们很少被视为一种产品，甚至是烟气处理选项。许多小气体分子可以在低至10 bar的压力下形成水合物，温度在0到10oC之间。在加拿大的情况下，通过热水泵和没有，这些温度很容易达到。气体水合物的形成和分解是具有相关过渡焓的一阶相变，并为气体分离提供了创新的机会。 拟议的研究计划具有多相流体力学的核心，该应用程序的专家领域在过去6年中，该领域有40多个出版物。拟议的计划包括对工业气体混合物产生二氧化碳水合物的深入研究，目的是使用统治其生产和破坏的发表的热力学文献以及利用文献中存在的热力学修饰符来更好地解释基础传输现象。这项研究将主要依靠涉及高端批次和连续混合技术的实验研究来确定气体组成的影响，过程热力学的影响以及加工条件对水合物的产生和破坏。在该计划中，申请人在混合过程中的经验以及他对多相流体动力学建模的知识构成了他的作品的自然扩展。