Fundamental Physics with and without Colliders

为什么引力与自然界中的其他力相比如此微弱？是否存在新的额外维度？什么是暗物质，它的尺度如何与W和Z玻色子质量尺度相关？这些问题一直是粒子理论和实验的焦点，最终导致了大型强子对撞机（LHC）的出现。在大型强子对撞机上，新物理学的持续缺乏使我们所有试图动态地解决这些问题的想法陷入困境。 温伯格对宇宙常数的成功预测和弦景观的出现，提出了一种不同于动力学的解决层次问题的方法。这些方法导致了像分裂超对称性这样的理论，这些理论已经在大型强子对撞机上被探索。这将粒子物理学带到了十字路口，一边是动力学理论，如超对称性和复合希格斯，另一边是弦景观和分裂超对称性，或者只是标准模型。 我计划把重点放在识别LHC第二次运行的数据中的签名上，这些签名可以帮助在这种二分法之间做出决定。 粒子理论领域还试图解决跨越能量几个数量级的问题，而不仅仅是TeV尺度。例如，像轴子这样的粒子，新的长程力和大的额外维度不能直接用对撞机实验来探测。物理学的许多其他领域也有了巨大的技术进步，例如原子干涉测量法，原子可以发现自己处于量子态的叠加中，这些量子态之间的距离大约为10厘米，持续时间大约为1秒。我开创了新的方法，这些技术可以用来设计实验，寻找物质和暗物质的新相互作用。我现在正在进一步探索如何将物理学其他领域的最新技术与动机良好的理论思想相结合，以比对撞机小得多的尺寸探测自然，但具有相同的高冲击潜力。 期待已久的粒子物理学数据时代也在继续进行天体物理观测和宇宙射线实验，如阿尔法磁谱仪（AMS）。先进的LIGO正在接受委托，并有望成为第一个探测引力波的实验。我已经证明，通过黑洞超辐射的影响，它可以诊断存在的光玻色子的康普顿波长类似于天体物理黑洞（BH）。超辐射在玻色子和BH之间形成了一个引力原子，其能级可以有指数级大的占据数。能级之间的跃迁，以及单个能级中的玻色子湮灭产生可以在LIGO上检测到的单色辐射。我打算探索这个天体物理探测器的全部潜力，以及它如何探测QCD轴子，这种粒子解释了中子电偶极矩的微小性，并且逃避了30多年的实验。

Why is gravity so weak compared to the other forces in nature? Are there new extra dimensions? What is Dark Matter and how can its scale be related to the W and Z boson mass scales? Such questions have long been the focus of both Particle Theory and Experiment, culminating to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The continued absence of new physics at the LHC corners all our ideas that try to address these questions dynamically. Weinberg's successful prediction of the Cosmological Constant and the emergence of the String Landscape suggested an approach to the hierarchy problem different than dynamics. Such approaches led to theories like Split Supersymmetry which are already being sought at the Large Hadron Collider. This brings Particle Physics to crossroads, with one side leading to dynamical theories like Supersymmetry and composite Higgs, and the other the String Landscape and Split Supersymmetry or just the Standard Model.  I plan to focus on identifying signatures in the data from second run of the LHC that can help decide between this dichotomy.  The field of Particle Theory also tries to address questions that span several orders of magnitude in energy, not just the TeV scale. For example, particles like axions, new long-range forces, and large extra dimensions cannot be probed directly with collider experiments. There have been great advances of technology in many other fields of physics such as atom interferometry, where an atom can find itself in a superposition of quantum states that are separated by roughly 10cm for about 1 sec. I have pioneered novel ways that these technologies can be used to design experiments that look for new interactions in matter and Dark Matter. I am now further exploring how combining the latest technologies in other fields of physics with well motivated theoretical ideas to probe Nature at a size much smaller than that of a collider but with the same potential for high impact.  The long-awaited era of data for Particle Physics also continues with astrophysical observations and cosmic ray experiments like Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS). Advanced LIGO is being commissioned and promises to be the first experiment to detect gravitational waves. I have showed that through the effect of Black Hole Superradiance it can diagnose the presence of light bosons whose Compton wavelength is similar to that of astrophysical black holes (BHs). Super-radiance forms a gravitational atom between the boson and the BH, whose levels can have exponentially large occupation numbers. Transitions between the levels, as well as boson annihilations in a single level produces monochromatic radiation that can be detected at LIGO. I intend to explore the full potential of this astrophysical probe and how it can probe the QCD axion, the particle that explains the smallness of the electric dipole moment of the neutron and eludes experiments for more than thirty years.